直肠肛管恶性黑色素瘤的临床特点及诊疗进展

Diagnosis and treatment progress and clinical characteristics of anorectal malignant melanoma

直肠肛管恶性黑色素瘤(ARMM)是一种相当罕见,具备侵袭性且预后差的消化道恶性肿瘤,其发生率占肛门直肠恶性肿瘤的0.05~4.6%,因该病缺乏典型的临床特点,与消化道常见肿瘤不易区分,故容易误诊,且预后较差,复发率高,现阶段仍以手术治疗为主要手段,本篇文章通过结合相关文献及治疗指南,对该病的病理生理学特点、临床特点及诊疗进展进行分析总结,以对临床治疗有所贡献。

Anorectal malignant melanoma（ARMM） is a very rare digestive tract malignancy which is of high invasiveness and poor prognosis. It accounts for 0.05~4.6% of anorectal cancer. As ARMM lacks typical manifestation and is difficult to differentiate from other common digestive malignancies, it is difficult to make a correct diagnosis. ARMM has a poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. Surgery is still the main modality. In this paper, we analyzed and summarized the pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and diagnosis and treatment progress by referring to the relevant literature and treatment guidelines. We hope to contribute to clinical treatment.