德性的理性基础——对《理想国》德性论的一种阐释

The Rational Foundation of Arête——An interpretation of thought about arête in Republic

在柏拉图的《理想国》中,德性是一个重要的概念,关于德性的讨论同时也是关于"人应该如何生活"的探讨贯穿了全书。文章在理清"德性"一词语境含义的基础上,对柏拉图在美德体系和"善"两个层面上的德性理论进行了梳理分析,论证了理性在其中的基础作用,并比较两个层面的德性以说明德性完备与理性发展的相称关系,最后得出理性是德性基础的结论。

In Plato＇s Republic, Arete is an important conception and the discussion about it, together with the explo- ration of how a man should live, can be found throughout the whole book. This paper aims to deduce the conclusion that the reason is the foundation of ＂ar^te＂ through a series of steps. The first step clarifies the definition of ＂arete＂ in its context, and the second step analyzes Plato＇s theory about virtue from the aspects of virtues system and ＂ good＂, and the final step proves the fundamental role of reason in Plato＇s virtual theory.