陕北白绒山羊生长发育规律的研究

Growth and Development Regulation of Shaanbei White Cashmere Goat

旨在揭示陕北白绒山羊的生长发育规律,为其选育和科学的饲养管理提供参考依据。选取日龄相近的39只陕北白绒山羊(公羊16只,母羊23只)分别测量其体重和体尺指标。结果表明:(1)陕北白绒山羊体重和体尺各项指标均随月龄增加呈上升趋势;(2)陕北白绒山羊绝对增重和相对增重在出生后至1月龄最大,在3月龄降至最低值,随后分别在5月龄、8月龄出现2个绝对增重高峰期,而相对增重呈现出平稳变化趋势;(3)陕北白绒山羊公羊体高绝对生长值在8月龄最高,母羊体高绝对生长值在9月龄最高,而公、母羊体高相对生长值也分别在8、9月龄最高,公、母羊体长绝对生长值均在9月龄最高,体长相对生长值均在4月龄最高,胸围绝对生长值和相对生长值均在5月龄最高,管围绝对生长值和相对生长值均在12月龄最高。综上,陕北白绒山羊在出生后1月龄内、4~5月龄和7~8月龄增重速度较快。体尺指标在4~5月龄和7~9月龄增速较快。在此期间应注意营养提供,从而充分满足其生长发育的营养需要。

The purpose of this study is to reveal the regulation of growth and development of Shaanbei white Cashmere goat,and provide references for variety selection and breeding management.16 male and 23 female goats with similar birth date were selected to measure weight and body measurement index.The results showed that weight and body measurement indexes of Shaanbei white Cashmere goat increased with ages.Absolute weight gain and relative weight gain were the highest at the age of 1 month,and declined to the minimum at the age of 3 months.Then two peaks of absolute weight gain appeared at the age of 5 months and 8 months.However,relative weight gain showed stable changing trend.Absolute and relative growth rates of body height were the highest at the age of 8 months for males and 9 months for females.For both males and females,absolute and relative growth rates of body length were the highest at the age of 9 months and 4 months,respectively;absolute and relative growth rates of chest girth both were the highest at the age of 5 months;and absolute and relative growth rates of cannon circumference both were the highest at the age of 12 months.In conclusion,weight gain rate of Shaanbei white Cashmere goat was relatively fast at the age of 1 month,4-5 months and 7-8 months.And growth rates of body measurement indexes were relatively fast at the age of 4-5months and 7-9 months.So enough nutrition should be provided at these growth stages so as to meet the nutritional needs of growth and development of Shaanbei white Cashmere goat.