不同水分处理对春玉米水分动态和株高的影响

Effects of Different Water Treatments on Moisture Dynamics and Plant Height of Spring Maize

旨在研究区域农田春玉米干旱灾害形成的过程特征和阶段阈值。在典型干旱区武威,设置不同的控水处理,用对比分析方法研究同一品种在不同处理下的耗水规律。结果表明,玉米前期耗水强度小,中期逐渐变大,后期又减少。播种、出苗期土壤水分总贮水量最大;拔节期土壤水分总贮水量显著减少;抽雄期耗水以植株蒸腾为主,随着降水量的增加,土壤水分总贮水量均有不同程度的增加;乳熟期高温天气较多,土壤蒸发和植株蒸腾加剧,土壤水分总贮水量为全生育期最小;长期干旱胁迫使土壤极度干旱,上下层土壤重量含水率几乎趋于一致。干旱胁迫对株高的影响没有对水分的影响剧烈,干旱胁迫对拔节期玉米植株的生长影响最大,抽雄吐丝期次之,苗期影响最小。

The paper aims at studying the process characteristics and phase threshold of the regional drought disaster formation of spring maize.In the typical arid area Wuwei,the different water control treatments were set.The water consumption of the same variety was studied by the comparative analysis method.The results showed that the maize water consumption intensity was small in the early stage,increased gradually in the middle stage, and decreased in the late stage.The maximum soil water storage capacity was reached at sowing and seedling stage,while the soil water storage capacity reduced significantly in jointing stage.The plant transpiration dominated the water consumption in tasseling stage, and the soil water storage capacity increased along with the precipitation increasing.The soil evaporation and plant transpiration were all intensified due to the hot weather in milk ripeness stage,thus its soil water storage capacity was the minimum in the whole growth period.The long drought stress made the soil extremely arid, and the upper and lower layer of soil had similar water storage capacity per weight.The drought stress did not impact the plant height as strong as it affected the water storage.The influence of drought stress on plant growth of maize was the biggest in jointing stage,followed by that in the tasseling and silking stage, and the weakest was that in seedling stage.