山西4种鸮形目鸟类生态习性的初步研究

Primary Study on Ecological Habits of Four Species of Owls in Shanxi Province

本研究于山西吴城地区对4种鸮形目鸟类的生态习性进行了研究,旨在积累该地区鸮形目鸟类的生态学基础资料。利用样线法记录迁徙时间,并收集繁殖季栖息地、巢卵特征的数据资料;利用食团内容物分析法分析食性。结果表明不同年份红角鸮、长耳鸮、短耳鸮的迁徙具有相似特点,均是北迁持续期时间短、间隔时间长,南迁持续期时间长,间隔时间短。红角鸮与纵纹腹小鸮在巢址选取、育雏行为等方面存在差异,营巢地更接近居民区的纵纹腹小鸮的繁殖成功率相对较高。4种鸮形目鸟类均以小型哺乳类和鸟类为主要食物,此外也取食少量昆虫和部分家畜、家禽。不同物种之间需求的重叠会导致种间竞争的增加,考虑到鸮形目鸟类在生态系统中的重要作用及其偏低的种群数量,应对其加以关注并实施保护。

This study focuses on the ecological habits of four species of owls in Wucheng of Shanxi in order to accumulate the ecological base material of owls in this area.The study used the line transect method to record the migration time,collect data about the characteristics of habitat,nests and eggs.The study also analyzed the diets with food content analysis method.The results showed that the migration characteristics among Otus scops,Asio otus and Asio flammeus were similar in different years,the duration of northward migration was short but the interval was long and the duration of southward migration was long but the interval was short.There were differences between Otus scops and Athene noctua in the nest-site selection and breeding behavior.The propagating success rate of Athene noctua,whose nest-site was near the residential area,was higher.The main diets of four species of owls were small mammals and birds;meanwhile,they also fed on a few insects,some livestock and fowls.The overlap of needs between different species may increase the competition.Owls are worth the attention and need to be protected because of their important role in the ecosystem and their low population quantity.