水稻稻瘟病抗性鉴定及其评价标准初探

Identification and Evaluation Standard of Rice Blast Resistance

为鉴定不同生态区水稻品种稻瘟病抗性情况,并寻求一种能快速评价稻瘟病发病指标标准,以72个水稻品种(品系)为抗性鉴定材料,采用塑料大棚人工喷雾和病株样本大棚自然诱发相结合的方法进行鉴定。在供试的72个水稻品种或品系中,抗病能力较强的水稻品种有17个,即叶瘟病情指数在0~2之间;其余品种或品系发病较重,叶瘟病情指数大于30,有的甚至全部死亡。苗期不发病的品种,到成熟期也有可能感穗颈瘟;普通型叶瘟发生的品种,移入大田后可逆转为不发病品种;急性型叶瘟发生的品种,到返青期死亡率达90%以上。苗瘟、叶瘟和穗颈瘟不存在显著的相关关系,急性型叶瘟可作为苗期鉴定水稻稻瘟病发生的评价指标标准。

The aim of this study is to identify the resistance of rice varieties from different ecological regions torice blast, and to find an incidence index standard for evaluating rice blast. 72 rice varieties（lines） were usedas materials for resistance identification. The plastic greenhouse artificial spray and natural induction ofdiseased plants＇ samples were combined to identify the disease. There were 17 rice varieties with strongresistance to blast disease in 72 rice varieties or lines tested, and their leaf blast disease index was 0-2. Theother varieties or lines had more severe disease incidence, and the leaf blast disease index was more than 30,and some even died. The varieties with no disease in the seedling stage were also possible to be susceptible topanicle blast in the mature period. After transplanted to the field, the varieties with common type of leaf blastcould be reversed to having no disease signs. The mortality of varieties with acute type of leaf blast was above90% at reviving stage. It indicated that there was no significant correlation among seedling blast, leaf blast andpanicle neck blast. The acute type leaf blast could be used as the incidence index standard for identifying therice blast at seedling stage.