不同有机物料对土壤基本化学性质及可溶性有机碳氮的影响

Effect of Different Organic Materials on Soil Chemical Properties and Dissolved Organic Carbon/Nitrogen

通过研究不同有机物料替代对河南潮土化学性质及可溶性有机碳/氮(DOC/N)分布的影响,探讨潮土适宜有机物料替代比例。结果表明:不同有机物料替代较对照明显提高了土壤基本养分的含量。其中,秸秆替代化肥40%处理土壤有机质和土壤碱解氮的含量提高最明显分别达到13.4 g/kg、93.99 mg/kg;牛粪秸秆共同替代化肥30%~40%显著提升了土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,分别达到0.90 g/kg、2.94 mg/kg、224.97 mg/kg。秸秆单独替代较牛粪秸秆共同替代对土壤DOC提升效果好,其中秸秆替代化肥40%处理DOC含量最高达到15.45 mg/kg;而牛粪秸秆共同替代则提高了DON,其中牛粪秸秆共同替代化肥30%处理的DON含量最大,为12.88 mg/kg。牛粪秸秆共同替代化肥30%处理的可溶性有机质的SUVA254 nm最高[16.24 L/(g·cm)],说明此处理有利于富含芳香环结构的有机质物质的积累。综上所述,其中秸秆替代40%和秸秆牛粪共同替代30%~40%对土壤基本肥力提升相对更明显。

To explore the optimum ratio of organic materials to substitute inorganic fertilizer in Fluvo-aquicsoil in Henan, a field experiment with different organic materials was carried out to study the effect on soilchemical properties and dissolved organic carbon/nitrogen. The results showed that compared with CK, thebasic soil nutrients contents were improved under different ratios of organic material substitution. Soil organicmatter（13.4 g/kg） and available nitrogen（93.99 mg/kg） content were significantly elevated under 40%inorganic fertilizer substituted by straw（S3）. Soil total nitrogen（0.90 g/kg）, available phosphorus（2.94 mg/kg）and available potassium（224.97 mg/kg） content were significantly increased under 30% to 40% inorganic fertilizer substituted by straw and cattle manure combination. The DOC improvement effect of inorganicfertilizer substituted by straw was better than that of inorganic fertilizer substituted by straw and cattle manurecombination, and DOC reached the highest（15.45 mg/kg） when 40% chemical fertilizer was substituted bystraw. While the highest DON content（12.88 mg/kg） appeared under inorganic fertilizer substituted by strawand cattle manure combination. The highest dissolved organic matter [16.24 L/（g·cm）] appeared when strawand cattle manure combination substituted 30% chemical fertilizer, which indicated that this treatment wasbetter for aromaticity organic matter accumulation. In sum, 40% straw substitution and 30%-40% straw andcattle manure combination substitution are the optimum ratio to improve soil basic fertility.