少数民族区域新型农业经营主体特征及培育途径研究──基于新疆14个地州的调查分析

Characteristics and Cultivation of New Type Agricultural Management Subjects in Ethnic Minority Regions: Based on 14 Prefectures in Xinjiang

针对干旱及少数民族区域社会经济及农业产业发展特点,提出新疆新型农业经营主体发展思路和途径。通过对新疆14个地州,72个县、市、区发放调查问卷,并与相关人员交流,同时查询相关文献资料,了解新疆新型农业经营主体发展特征、成长路径和存在问题。结果表明:新疆新型农业经营主体已成为新疆现代农业发展的主力军,但在土地流转、品牌建设、销售渠道、信息来源等方面还存在诸多问题,还需要给予多方面的政策支持。要以林果业、特色产业及其加工产业为切入点,以提高农产品质量和农业供给侧改革,从发展适度规模,加快土地权属改革,培育新兴职业农民,建立经营主体退出进入机制,精准扶贫与新型主体培育相结合,加快推进农村一、二、三产业融合发展等途径对新型农业经营主体进行培育。

In view of the characteristics of socio-economic and agricultural industry development in arid andethnic minority areas, the authors put forward the ides and way of developing Xinjiang＇s new type agriculturalmanagement subjects. Through the questionnaire survey in 14 prefectures, 72 counties, cities and districts inXinjiang, the interview with relevant personnel, as well as literature research, the authors aim to understand thedevelopment characteristics, growth path and existing problems of the new type agricultural managementsubjects in Xinjiang. The results show that the new type agricultural management subjects in Xinjiang havebecome the main force of modern agricultural development, but there are still many problems in landcirculation, brand building, distribution channel and information source, which need more policy support.Forest fruit industry, the specialty industry and the processing industry should be used as the entry point toimprove the quality of agricultural products and carry out the supply-side structural reform, and the new typeagricultural management subjects should be cultivated from shaping appropriate development scale, speedingup the land tenure reform, cultivating new professional farmers, building a quit and entrance mechanism formanagement subjects, combining targeted poverty alleviation with new subject cultivation and advancing theintegrative development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industry.