失眠障碍对认知功能的影响

The effect of insomnia disorder on cognitive function

失眠障碍是睡眠障碍类疾病中最常见的一类疾病,由于夜间睡眠时间不足、睡眠片段化以及日间易思睡,患者常倍感疲乏、警觉性下降、注意力不集中、记忆力减退,尤其是对认知功能的影响已引起人们的高度重视。研究认为,失眠障碍可导致海马神经元的损害、海马体积缩小、神经突触可塑性改变;另外,神经递质和睡眠-觉醒周期的失衡,也是导致认知功能损害的重要机制。但失眠障碍导致认知损害的确切机制仍不明确,如何预防和改善失眠所致的认知功能损害没有明确的靶点。为此,对失眠障碍损害认知功能的潜在机制和防治措施需进一步深入研究。

Insomnia disorder is one of the most common type in sleep-related disorders. Insomnia disorder resulting from decreasing sleep quantity,sleep fragment and daytime excessive hypersomnia may lead to fatigue,descending alertness and inattention,particularly cognitive impairment. Some researches revealed that hypersomnia could result ？ in the detrimental effect,such as impaired hippocampal neuron,reduced hippocampal volumes and damaged synaptic plasticity.In addition,the imbalance of neurotransmitters and sleep-wake cycle plays a vital role in impairing cognition. Nevertheless,it is unclear that the mechanism of insomnia resulting in cognitive impairment and how to select the target of preventing and improving the damage. Therefore,there are more further studies to investigate the potential mechanisms between insomnia disorder and cognitive impairments containing preventive measures in the future.