论给付在不当得利中的功能

The Function of “Delivery” in Unjust Enrichment

围绕给付概念的争议几乎贯穿了不当得利理论发展的历程。给付指有意识地、基于一定目的而增加他人财产,其核心在于给付目的。对给付行为的定性关键在于确定给付目的之行为的性质,其将给付行为中的客观要素与特定债务联结起来。当债务涉及所有权移转等法律行为时,采需受领的单方意思说,即清偿目的决定说更为合理。不当得利法中的给付目的与履行法上的清偿之确定在法律性质上应当是同一的。对给付型不当得利,应依给付关系个别决定不当得利请求权的当事人,由给付者向受领者请求返还其无法律上之原因而受的利益。给付目的是给付型不当得利的法律原因,给付目的无法实现即是"无法律上之原因"的体现。对给付概念的继受与不当得利体系的完善应当符合我国的法律体系。

The disputes over the concept wdeliveryw have run through the theoretical developments of unjust enrichment. ＂Delivery＂ means that someone intentioimlly increases other,s property with a particular purpose. The purpose of delivery is the core. The legal nature of wdeliveryw is dependent on the nature of the direction of the delivery, which combines the performance and the particular debt. When the contents of contracts are involved the transfers of ownerships, the legal nature of ＂delivery＂ shall be acts of law which need to be recognized by the other parties. The legal quality of the purposes of delivery shall be same with the legal nature of determinations of discharge in contractual performance law. The concept of delivery enables us to identify the parties of unjust enrichment respectively. And the parties who lose the interests could only claim rights to the parties who gain the property. The purpose of delivery is the legal reason of unjust enrichment. The frustration of purpose is the absence of legal reason of enrichment. The reception of adeliveryw and the improvements of unjust enrichment system are supposed to be consistent with Chinese legal system.