基因敲除技术研究进展

Development of Gene Knockout Technologies

基因敲除技术是研究基因功能和实现基因精确缺失的最直接和有效的方法之一。随着基因组学的发展,基因敲除技术在基因功能方面的研究也得到了广泛的应用。目前发展起来的基因组功能性研究高效工具,如ZFNs、TALENs和CRISPR等,为高效率基因打靶开辟了一条崭新的道路。这些基因编辑的革命性技术,大力推动了生物学、医学研究的发展。本研究论述了基因敲除的基本原理、几种最新技术及在实践中的应用,并分析了所存在的问题及展望了这些技术在诸多领域的发展趋势。

Gene knockout is a novel gene editing technology,which would provide a direct and effective tool to study the function of genes and achieve accurate gene deletion.Gene knockout technology in gene function has also been widely used.The current development of genomic functional research tools,mainly includezinc finger nucleases(ZFNs),transcription activator-like effector nucleases(TALENs),and CRISPR/Cas9,all of which have received much attention in recent years as breakthrough technologies.Genome editing allows us to precisely change the target genome of living cells and is a powerful way to control functional genes.It is feasible in almost all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants and animals,as well as in cultured.In this study,we discussed the basic principles of gene knockout,several new techniques and their applications in practice,and analyzed the existing problems and looked forward to the development trend of these technologies in many fields.