北京市海淀区工业企业职业卫生管理现状

Status of occupational health management of industrial enterprises in Haidian District of Beijing

目的了解北京市海淀区企业职业病危害因素和职业卫生管理基本情况,提出相应的职业卫生管理对策。方法通过问卷调查方式,对海淀辖区内存在职业病危害的工业企业开展职业健康状况基本情况调查。结果该区共有职业病危害企业247家,接触职业病危害因素8 778人,主要职业病危害因素以粉尘、噪声、苯系物、铅及其化合物为主。职业危害因素监测及卫生管理情况在不同经济类型企业、不同行业分布不一。全部开展建设项目职业病危害预评价和控制效果评价的企业均为29家,仅占11.7%;制定并实施危害因素检测与评价管理制度的企业132家,仅占53.4%。各项职业卫生管理指标的实施率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。职业病危害因素检测率仅为30.6%,而检测合格率较高为93%;港、澳、台商投资企业实测率最高(58.9%),与其他经济类型企业相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论该区企业普遍不重视职业病防治管理工作,职业卫生管理不到位,应继续加强对企业职业卫生管理工作的监督和指导。

[Objective] To understand the basic situation of occupational hazards and occupational health management among the industrial enterprises in Haidian District of Beijing,put forward the appropriate strategies of the occupational health management.[Methods]The questionnaire survey was used to investigate the basic situation of occupational health management of industrial enterprises existing occupational hazards in Haidian District. [Results]There were 247 enterprises which exited occupational hazards and 8 778 workers exposed to the occupational hazards,and the occupational hazards mainly included dust,noise,benzene series,lead and its compounds. Occupational hazard monitoring and health management were diverse in enterprises of different economic types and different industries. There were respectively 29 enterprises have implemented the pre-assessment of occupational hazards and control effect evaluation in construction project,only accounting for 11.7%. 132 enterprises have formulated and implemented the occupational hazard detection and evaluation management system,only accounting for 53.4%.The difference in implementation rate of occupational health management indexes was statistically significant（P〈0.01）. The detection rate of occupational hazard factors was only 30.6%,while the qualified rate was 93%. The actual detection rate in Hong Kong-,Macao-or Taiwan-invested enterprises was the highest（58.9%）,which was significantly higher than that in enterprises with other economic types（P〈0.01）.[Conclusion]The enterprises in the district generally do not pay attention to the prevention and control of the occupational disease,and the occupational health management is not satisfactory. It is necessary to continue to strengthen supervision and guidance on occupational health management in enterprises.