论官僚体制下生碑记的书写转变

A Study on the Change of the Record Writing of Events Inscribed on Commemorative Steles Within Bureaucracy

作为一种在公共空间中评价官员治绩的文体,中国古代生碑记的发展,是一个政治与文学相互博弈的复杂过程。儒家的德政思想,建构了生碑记的文本结构和程式,至晚在唐代已经成型。唐宋以来,中央通过一系列法令的制定和推行,管控地方上的立碑行为,约制了作为文学文本之生碑记的发展。但宋元以来的士人们,通过不同文类的选择,及文本的迂回书写,规避相关法令使之失效,并对立碑现象进行体制内的批评。这是士大夫文学中的一个内在而隐性的文学批评传统,指向的是政治约束下的文学运作机制及其能动性问题。

The record of events inscribed on a commemorative stele was a genre to evaluate an official＇ s performance in public space, whose development was a complex process of mutual competition between polities and literature. Confucianist thought of benevolence constructed the text structure and norm of the record of events on a commemorative stele, which came into being at latest in the Tang Dynasty. From the Tang and Song Dynasties on, the central regime took control of the erection of commemorative steles in local places, and restricted the development of the record of events on a commemorative stele as a literary text, through the legislation and enforcement of a series of laws and rules. But the literati in the Song and Yuan Dynasties tried to evade the concerning laws and rules and render them void, and criticized the practice of stele erection within bureaucracy by the choice of different genres and the circuitous writing of texts. This was an internal and invisible tradition of literary criticism in literati literature, which was directed to the issues of literary operation mechanism and its initiatives under political restraint.