一件馆藏漆屏风的测试分析

The Analysis of Lacquer Folding Screen

荷兰汉学家高罗佩先生的后人向重庆中国三峡博物馆捐赠其生前收藏的一批文物,其中有一件朱红色漆屏风,在荷兰运往中国途中局部发生碎裂脱落,需要保护修复以恢复其文物价值和展览价值。本文对其中一块碎裂样品进行系列无损及微损分析,通过三维视频显微镜观察其形貌,发现表面无髹漆层,在扫描电镜能谱仪、X射线荧光仪、X射线衍射仪的结果中未发现传统红色颜料朱砂、铁红,有一定量的四氧化三铅、硫酸钡。傅里叶红外光谱仪分析其中含有大漆、硫酸钡、碳酸钙、氢氧化钙。分析观察的结果表明屏风制作工艺与传统剔红工艺所用原料不同,更接近于清代以后流行的堆漆工艺。科学分析结果提供了详细的漆屏风的工艺信息,并对保护修复工作给出一定启示。

The bright red lacquer screen collected by the Dutch Sinologists Robert Hans van Gulik,was broken partially in the journey from Holland.We took a piece of sample（2 cm × 0.6 cm）,and used the scanning electron microscope,FI-IR Microscope,laser Raman spectrometer to analyze the sample harmlessly and find out that the chemical characteristics were different from the traditional carved lacquerware,with no HgS which is the traditional red composition,but containing Pb_3O_4,CaCO_3,Ca（OH） and BaSO_4.The scientific analysis results proposed the new thinking about the age and the source of lacquer screen,offered new evidence of the changing process of the Chinese carved lacquerware,and provided scientific foundation to the protection and restoration in next step.