论美国汽车行业技术贸易壁垒的实施特征与原因

On the Characteristics and Causes of Technical Barriers to Trade in American Automobile Industry

金融危机过后，实体经济迅速被波及，各国都采取了种种手段设置贸易壁垒来保护本国产业。而TBT作为最具隐蔽性的贸易壁垒，不容易引起其他国家的报复和反制。因此TBT的应用更加广泛。其对国际贸易的影响将会越来越大。2003年，世界TBT和SPS通报量大幅度增长，比2002年增加了528件．增长速度是上年的6倍，是1995年以来通报量增长最多的一年。本文运用WTO最新的I-TIP数据库。介绍了世界非关税壁垒的存在情况，在此基础上分析美国历年的TBT发起和实施情况。研究发现．美国和世界发起和实施TBT集中的行业存在一定的差异。相较而言，美国的TBT发起和实施集中于汽车行业。而世界在汽车行业主要以SPS等其他非关税壁垒形式存在，其它行业主要以SPS，ADP等形式存在。

After the financial crisis, the real economy is rapidly being affected, and all countries have adopted various means to set up trade barriers to protect their industries. The TBT as the most hidden trade barriers, not easy to cause other countries to retaliate and counter, so the application of TBT more widely, its impact on international trade will be more-and more. In 2003, the world＇s TBT and SPS volume increased significantly, an increase of 528 over 2002, the growth rate is 6 times the previous year, since 1995, the largest increase in traffic since the year. In this paper, the latest I-TIP database of WTO is introduced, and the existence of non-tariff barriers in the world is introduced. Based on this, the TBT is introduced and implemented in the United States. The study found that the United States and the world launched and implemented TBT concentration of the industry there are some differences. In contrast, the US TBT is launched and implemented in the automotive industry. The world in the automotive industry mainly to SPS and other non-tariff barriers exist in other forms, mainly in the form of SPS, ADP and other forms exist.