我国少数民族地区儿童头癣的发病现状及防治

Morbidity Status and Prevention of Tinea Capitis in Children in Ethnic Minority Areas of China

头癣是皮肤癣菌感染头皮及毛发的浅部真菌病,主要传播途径是人与人或人与动物之间传播。有四种临床类型,即白癣、黑点癣、脓癣和黄癣。新疆儿童头癣发病率居全国首位,主要临床类型以白癣、黑点癣和黄癣为主,脓癣较少,其他少数民族地区白癣和脓癣是常见临床类型。不同的临床类型由特定的病原菌种引起,新疆头癣的病原菌与其他少数民族地区有明显的差异。紫色毛癣菌、铁锈色小孢子菌、许兰毛癣菌和犬小孢子菌是新疆头癣的优势菌种,犬小孢子菌和铁锈色小孢子菌是其他少数民族地区的主要致病菌。头癣的治疗方法包括口服灰黄霉素、伊曲康唑、特比萘芬和氟康唑,外用硫磺软膏、特比萘芬乳膏等。头癣的有效防治措施是积极治疗患儿和带菌动物,消灭传染源,改善生活习惯和卫生条件,切断传播途径以及规范化治疗。

Tinea capitis is superficial fungal infecious disease of scalp hair caused by dermatophytes. The main route of transmission is between human and human beings and human with animals. There are four clinical types such as white ringworm,black spot ringworm,tinea kerion and and tinea favosa. The incidence of children＇ s tinea capitisin Xinjiang is ranks first in the country,white ringworm,black spot ringworm,and and tinea favosa are main clinical types,tinea kerion is less. While,Tinea kerion and white ringworm are common clinical types in other minority areas. The different clinical types causative by certain species. The causative agents of tinea capitis of Xinjiang is quite different with other minority areas. Trichophyton violaceum,Microsporum ferrugineum,Trichophyton schoenleinii and Microsporum canis are dominant species in Xinjiang,while,Microsporum canis and Microsporum ferrugineum are main species in other minority areas. Treatment of tinea capitis including griseofulvin,itraconazole,terbinafine and fluconazole take orally,sulfur ointment or terbinafine cream et al for external application. The effective prevention and control measures of tinea capitis are active treatment of children and vector animals,eliminate the source of infection,improving living habits and sanitary conditions,cut off the route of transmission and standardized treatment.