载人航天器组合体航天员应急撤离流程设计

Design of Flow for Astronauts' Emergency Evacuation in Manned Spacecraft Combination

驻留载人航天器组合体的航天员执行任务时,如果发生影响驻留安全的故障,应能保证航天员安全、及时撤离。为此,文章提出了一种基于常规飞行和飞控模式的应急撤离流程。通过对航天员应急撤离的故障模式及技术条件进行研究,面向安全状态,将应急撤离流程量化为7个撤离项目。以发生载人环境异常故障为例,对撤离流程的应用进行分析。结果表明:文章提出的应急撤离流程,可以保证故障时地面飞行控制中心及时决策,实现航天员的安全撤离,能提高航天员长期在轨驻留时的安全性。

When astronauts inhabit in manned spacecraft combination, the malfunction of the combination may happen. In order to insure the astronauts＇ safety and quick evacuation, an emergency evacuation flow based on flight scheme and flight control mode is proposed. The failure modes and technical conditions of astronauts ＇ emergency evacuation are studied, then the emergency evacuation flow based on safety state indicates seven evacuation items. Tak-ing the manned environment failure for example, the emergency evacuation flow application is analyzed. The results show that the ground flight control center can make a timely deci-sion by using the emergency evacuation flow, and then the astronauts can finally achieve asafe state. The emergency evacuation flow proposed can assure astronauts ＇ long-term inhab-itancy safety.