郑和牵星图导航技术研究

Research on Zheng He's Astronomical Navigation Technology

《1421:中国发现世界》作者加文·孟希斯(Gavin Menzies)将中国的海洋文明推向15世纪初,这个历史命题令世界震惊,"郑和航海图"就是证据之一。"郑和航海图"记录了郑和舰队巡航南海,远航印度洋国家的探索过程。该地图发现于明《武备志》240卷,是一种传统的中国导航牵星图和针路图,充满了许多待解之谜。本文对郑和航海图中"更数"所代表的现代概念的距离和速度进行了研究,发现帆船航行"更数"的距离和速度在不同的地区存在差异;牵星图中的星座只能用来确定纬度坐标。将郑和航海图和现代地图做了实验对比,在进行大气折射校正后,郑和航海图的纬度坐标能够准确显示在现代Google地图中。在郑和航海图的许多航点上,我们可以在现代地图中准确找到带有明显中国特点的航海基地。

GAVIN MENZIES-the book author of ＂1421 THE YEAR CHINA DISCOVERED THE WORLD ＂ pushed China＇s marine civilization to the beginning of the fifteenth century, a historical proposition that shocked the world, and ＂Zheng He navigation chart＂ was one of his evidences. ＂Zheng He navigation chart＂ recorded Zheng He fleet cruise the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean countries to explore the process. The map was found in the Ming ＂Wu Bei Chi＂ 240 volume, and was a traditional Chinese navigation plan,, filled with mysteries to be solved. In this paper, the distance and speed represented by ＂Jing No.＂ in ＂Zheng He navigational chart＂ are studied. It is found that the distance and speed of the ＂Jing No.＂ are different in different areas; the latitude coordinates can be only determined by Zheng He＇s astronomical navigation technology.. After the corrections of atmospheric refraction the latitude coordinates of ＂Zheng He navigation chart＂ can be displayed accurately with Google map. A number of ancient sailing base are found, and some basic construction patterns are very similar to China＇s fortification model.