密度与氮钾肥对‘东农311’光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of Density, Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizer Applicatin on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of 'Dongnong 311'

以中晚熟鲜食马铃薯品种‘东农311’为试验材料,研究不同密度和氮钾肥处理下的光合特性及产量性状,以便为该品种的丰产优质栽培提供理论依据。结果表明,光合特性在不同因素条件下表现不同,氮处理对SPAD(Soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD)值和净光合速率的影响极显著;钾处理对SPAD值和气孔导度的影响显著;密度处理仅对SPAD值影响显著。综合来看,SPAD值在施氮量为10 kg/667m2、施钾量为7.5 kg/667m2、密度为4 200株/667m2时最大;净光合速率在施氮量为15 kg/667m2、施钾量为7.5 kg/667m2、密度为5 000株/667m2时最大;气孔导度在施氮量为15 kg/667m2、施钾量为12.5 kg/667m2、密度为3 400株/667m2时最大。三个因素条件中,钾素对产量影响显著,且在施氮量5 kg/667m2、施钾量12.5 kg/667m2、种植密度为4 200株/667m2时产量最高,为3 150 kg/667m2;在施氮量15 kg/667m2、施钾量7.5 kg/667m2、种植密度为5 000株/667m2时商品薯率最大,为71.29%。

The late maturing table potato variety ＇Dongnong 311＇ was used as the experimental material, and the photosynthetic and yielding characters of different densities, nitrogen and potassium fertilizer applications were studied,which will provide the theoretical basis for high yield and high quality cultivation of this variety. Photosynthetic characteristics were different under different factors, and the effects of nitrogen treatment on Soil and Plant Analyzer Development（SPAD） value and net photosynthetic rate were highly significant; the effects of potassium treatment on SPAD value and stomatal conductance were significant; the density treatment only had significant effect on SPAD value.On the whole, the SPAD value was maximal when the amount of nitrogen was 10 kg/667 m2, potassium applied was 7.5 kg/667 m2, and the density was 4 200 strain/667 m2; the net photosynthetic rate was maximal when the amount of nitrogen was 15 kg/667 m2, potassium applied was 7.5 kg/667 m2, and density was 5 000 hill/667 m2; the stomatal conductance was the largest when the amount of nitrogen was 15 kg/667 m2, potassium applied was 12.5 kg/667 m2, and density was3 400 hill/667 m2. In the three factors, potassium had significant effects on yield, and the yield was the highest when the nitrogen amount was 5 kg/667 m2, potassium was 12.5 kg/667 m2, and planting density was 4 200 hill/667 m2, at which the yield was 3 150 kg/667 m2; the marketable tuber percentage was the largest when the nitrogen amount was 15 kg/667 m2,potassium was 7.5 kg/667 m2, and planting density was 5 000 hill/667 m2, which was 71.29%.