森林生态系统凋落物的生产与分解

A Review on Litter Production and Its Decomposition in Forest Ecosystem

系统地综述了森林凋落物的生产量及其对凋落物生产的影响因素、凋落物的分解过程及影响凋落物分解的气候因素、凋落物性质、微生物因素、动物因素等。此外,总结目前关于森林凋落物的研究方法。凋落物分解受多种因素影响,其中温度和湿度是影响凋落物分解的主要气候因子。不同植物凋落物的分解速率还受到其自身化学组成的影响,凋落物中的C/N比越高、N含量越低或木质素含量越高,凋落物分解越缓慢。对寒带至热带凋落物的分解速率比较发现,各气候带凋落物的分解速率高低顺序为热带>亚热带>温带>寒带,热带森林凋落物年平均分解速率为30%~90%,几乎为温带森林的3倍,分解速率存在明显气候地带性。

The aim of this review is to sum up the forest litter production and its affect factors,litter decomposition processes and its affect factors of climate,litter property,microorganism and animals etc.systematically.Besides,we also stated the present study methods of forest litter in this paper.Litter decomposition is influenced by multiple factors,temperature and moisture are two of the most main climatic factors that affect on litter decomposition severely.The decomposition rate of different plant is also controlled by the chemical constituents of litter itself.The higher C/N and lignin（or lower nitrogen）,the slower decomposition rate is.Moreover,many researchers found that litter decomposition rate was climatic zonality obviously,the variation range of litter decomposition rate in tropical forest was 30% to 90%,which was almost 3 times higher than that in temperate zone.By contrasting the decomposition rate from frigid to tropical climatic zone,and the litter decomposition rate in each climatic zone was following a sequence like this：tropic 〉 subtropics 〉 temperate zone 〉 frigid zone.