生态流域水文单元划分方法研究

Method of Ecological Watershed Partitioning

流域单元划分是进行流域管理、水利普查、水环境污染监测、生态水域规划等的基础,而流域单元划分在地势平坦地区存在各种问题。以烟台市为例,基于DEM数据,提取流域水文单元,根据土地利用类型进行修正,划分生态流域单元。结果表明烟台市一级水文单元23个,二级水文单元93个,三级水文单元550个;采用单纯的DEM数据划分的水文单元,在沿海地区、湖泊、水田等区域直线边界的问题,利用土地利用类型进行修正,得到烟台市三级生态流域水文单元,烟台市生态流域水文单元大概有537个。DEM结合土地利用类型的流域单元划分方法是可行的。

Watershed partitioning is the base of watershed management, water resources survey, water environment pollution monitoring, and water ecological plan. But, there are some problems in watershed partitioning for flat terrain. Taking Yantai City as an example, the ecological watersheds were extracted from DEM, corrected based on type of land use, and then classified as 23 first class watersheds, 93 second class watersheds and 550 third class watersheds. The watersheds extracted from DEM showed the problem of line boundary in the coastal, lake and paddy field areas, which would be corrected based on type of land use. The ecological watersheds were extracted at the 3 classes, and there are 537 ecological watersheds in Yantai City. The results show that it is feasible to extract ecological watersheds from DEM based on type of land use.