外军道德创伤的治疗与预防研究进展

Research Progress of Treatment and Prevention of Moral Injury in Foreign Army

近年来,外军研究表明,道德创伤已逐渐成为其老兵自杀率提升的重要原因,如何有效治疗与预防道德创伤受到学者们的普遍关注。对道德创伤的治疗目标、原则、方法及预防策略进行了综述,目前,国外对道德创伤的治疗方法主要从三个方面进行研究:基于神学的教牧关怀疗法和灵魂修复疗法,基于心理学的正念疗法、消除战争中杀戮影响疗法、认知行为疗法和适应性披露疗法,以及基于社会学的社会支持疗法和互伴互助小组。并且,提出了通过提升凝聚力、领导力和加强训练,以减少道德创伤的预防策略。

In recent years,foreign army research showed that moral injury had gradually become the fundamental cause of the suicide rate of veterans.How to cure moral injury and prevent it from occurring are commonly concerned by scholars.This paper summarized the therapeutic goal,principle,methods and preventive strategies of moral injury.At present,the treatment of moral injury was mainly studied from three aspects in foreign countries：The pastoral care therapy and soul repair therapy based on theology;the mindfulness therapy,impact of killing in war,cognitive behavioral therapy and adaptive disclosure based on psychology;social support therapy and structural group therapy based on sociology.Scholars had also put forward prevention strategies to reduce the moral injury by enhancing cohesion,leadership and strengthening training.