盐城市2007-2016年狂犬病流行特征分析

Analysis on prevalent features of rabies in Yancheng City from 2007 to 2016

目的:分析盐城市2007-2016年狂犬病主要流行特征,为科学预防控制提供依据。方法:收集盐城市2007-2016年狂犬病病例报告疫情和全市狂犬病监测工作资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 :2007-2016年共报告狂犬病病例60例,年平均发病率0.078/10万,总体发病趋势平稳。发病时间主要在4~9月份,全市各地均有病例报告,男女比例为2∶1,发病年龄主要集中在35~70岁,职业主要为农民。83.33%病例为犬所伤,伤口暴露程度大多数为Ⅲ度,绝大多数病例被动物致伤后未及时有效处理伤口,也未接种疫苗。潜伏期中位数为65天,病程中位数为3天。2007-2016年全市共报告动物致伤暴露者73 592人,致伤人数呈现逐渐增加趋势,犬、猫平均密度均为5只/100人,犬栓养率、犬猫免疫率较低。结论 :应继续加强狂犬病防治知识的健康教育工作,提高被动物所伤后疫苗或免疫球蛋白接种率。政府牵头,多部门配合,加强犬类管理,积极推行犬类强制免疫,将有效控制传染源,降低狂犬病发病率。

Object：To analyze th e main epidemic characteristics of hydrophobia in Yancheng from 2007 to 2016 and provide some scientific basis for prevention and control.Method：The data of hydrophobia cases and monitor in 2007-2016 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology.Results：There were 60 cases of hydrophobia in 2007-2016 with the morbidity of 0.078 per hundred thousand.The intent time was in April to September,and every areas had hydrophobia cases,the number of men was higher than that of women（2∶1）,and 35~70 year old people and farmers were the high-risk populations.The rate of cases injured by dogs was 83.33% with Ⅲ,most of the cases injured by dogs did not deal with the cuts effectively and in time,and the median of delitescence and course were 65 d and 3 d.73592 subjects exposed were reported injured by dogs in 2007-2016,which increased annually.The average density of dogs and cats were 5 pre 100.Conclusion：Education of good health of prevention and cure about the hydrophobia should be continued,and the rate of vaccine and immune globulin should be improved when people are injured by dogs.Our government should manage such things as acting in concert with other departments,strengthening the control of the dogs and spreading the forcible immunization against animals especially dogs to control the source of infection and depress the morbidity of hydrophobia.