哈尔滨某城区初中生目睹暴力经历对其心理健康状况影响的研究

Witnessing Violence and Its Effects on the Mental Health of Junior High School Students in A District of Harbin

目的了解本地区初中生目睹暴力事件的发生状况,探究目睹暴力事件的影响因素及其对青少年心理健康的影响,为青少年提供安全的生活环境,为制定具有针对性的防暴措施提供依据。方法采用随机分层整群抽样方法,采用自拟问卷及儿童青少年心理健康量表(MHS-CA)对哈尔滨某区城乡4所初中的2 094名学生进行调查,获得有效问卷1 991份。结果本调查中初中生有1 229人曾经目睹过暴力事件,占61.7%(1 229/1 991),且农村为65.4%(710/1 086)高于城市57.3%(519/905)(χ~2=13.472,P<0.05),其中学生目睹暴力事件主要发生在家里、学校和上/放学路上,实施人分别为父母、同学和陌生人。目睹暴力事件的严重程度,男生高于女生,农村高于城市(t_(性别)=2.488,t_(城乡)=-3.121,均P<0.05),且目睹过暴力的学生心理健康各维度得分均低于没有目睹过暴力的学生(P<0.05)。非条件Logistic回归分析提示,父亲文化程度高是目睹暴力事件的保护因素(OR=0.762)。目睹暴力事件与心理健康各维度均呈负相关(r_(认知维度)=-0.118,r_(思维维度)=-0.106,r_(意志行为维度)=-0.103,r_(情绪维度)=-0.125,r_(个性特征维度)=-0.090,均P<0.05)。结论初中生目睹过暴力事件的现象比较普遍,且与学生心理健康相关联,今后应关注暴力环境对青少年心理健康及行为的长期影响。

Objective To learn the prevalence of witnessing violence in junior high school students in Harbin, explore the influence factors of witnessing violence, and to study the effects of witnessing violence on adolescent＇s mental health so as to provide a safe environment and implement prevention measures against violence in adolescents. Methods Stratified random cluster sampling method was employed and brought out a sample of 2094 students（grade 6 to 8） from 4 junior high schools in Harbin. A home-designed questionnaire and（MHS-CA） were applied to explore witnessing violence experience among them. Results There are 1 229 junior high school students have witnessed violence, the prevalence of witnessing violence was 61.7%（1 229/1 991）. The rate in rural 65.4%（710/1 086） is higher than urban students 57.3%（519/905）（χ^2=13.472, P〈0.05）.The most of violent incidents happened at home, school and the roads to and leaving school. To perpetrators are parents, classmates and strangers in the order. The severity of witnessed violence by boy was higher than that by girls, and those happened in rural areas were more severe than those in urban areas（tgender= 2.488, trural and urban=-3.121, P 〈0.05）. The scores of each mental health dimension of students who witnessed violence were significantly lower compared to those without the witnessing experience（P〈 0.05）. Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis suggested that the highly educated father was the protective factor of witnessing violence（OR= 0.762）. Witnessing violence was negatively correlated with the five dimensions of mental health,（rcognition=-0.118,rthinking=-0.106,rvolition=-0.103,remotion=-0.125,rpersonal=-0.090,P〈 0.05）. Conclusion Witnessing violence is common in junior high school. It is associated with students＇ mental health, In the future, the long-term effects of witnessing violence on children＇s mental health and behaviors should be studied.