呼和浩特市养老院的老年人跌倒影响因素研究

The Factors Influencing Fall Injury in Elders in Nursing Homes in Hohhot

目的了解养老院的老年人群跌倒影响因素,为干预提供措施依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法抽取呼和浩特市市区的4家养老院,对满足纳入排除标准的90位老年人进行问卷调查与体格检查。采用t检验或卡方检验进行单因素分析;采用Logistic回归分析老年人跌倒的影响因素。结果呼和浩特市养老院老年人跌倒发生率为30.0%。女性较男性发生跌倒风险高(OR=4.407,95%CI:1.250~15.540)、高血压患者发生跌倒风险高(OR=7.987,95%CI:1.916~33.297)。有提示语、照明良好的养老院中老年人发生跌倒风险低(OR=0.089,95%CI:0.018~0.434)、(OR=0.124,95%CI:0.018~0.834)。结论养老院的老年人跌倒发生率较高,患有高血压的女性是高危人群。养老院可通过完善周围环境设施,改善照明条件、张贴提示语、及时清除障碍物,预防老年人跌倒。

Objective Analyzing the factors having impacts on fall incidence in elders in nursing homes so as to provide the basis for the intervention.Methods The randomized cluster sampling method was used to collect four nursing homes in the urban area of Hohhot, questionnaire and physical examination were performed on 90 subjects who fullfilled the including criteria. Univariate analysis was done by using t test or chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of elderly falls. Result The incidence of falls in nursed elders was 30.0%, with women（OR=4.407,95%CI： 1.250~ 15.540） and hypertention（OR=7.987, 95%CI： 1.916~33.297） as risk factors. The positive factors that may decrease the fall incidence included warning signs（OR= 0.089,95%CI：0.018~0.434） and better lighting conditions（OR= 0.124, 95%CI：0.018~0.834）. Conclusion Falling was the prevalent incident in elders in nursing homes. Women with hypertension are at high risk. Warning signs and improved lighting conditions can reduce the fall incidence in the nursing home.