菜薹(菜心)-芥蓝杂交亲和性分析及后代性状表现

Analysis on Interspecific Hybridization Compatibility and Progeny Characteristics of Flowering Chinese Cabbage and Chinese Kale

种间杂交是拓宽遗传种质资源,创造新物种、新材料的重要手段;杂交亲和性及适宜的授粉方法是成功配制杂交组合的重要因素。本试验采用4种授粉方式对菜薹(菜心)和芥蓝进行种间杂交,利用苯胺蓝染色法观察花粉管生长状况,通过胚挽救幼苗获得率分析种间杂交亲和性,筛选杂交亲本,并对后代进行倍性鉴定、形态学及细胞学分析。结果表明:蕾期授粉4次有助于获得杂种幼苗,菜心材料755适宜作杂交母本;花粉管生长状况与胚挽救幼苗获得率之间的相关性达极显著水平,利用苯胺蓝染色法可以辅助预测种间杂交亲和性。田间调查结果表明,杂种后代株型偏母本,营养生长旺盛,是培育新型菜用甘蓝型油菜的中间材料。

The interspecific hybridization is an important method for creating new species and enriching genetic germplasm resource.The hybridization compatibility and suitable pollination method are critical factors for successfully preparing hybrid combinations.This experiment adopted 4 pollination methods to conduct interspeicific crossing between flowering Chinese cabbage[Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis（L.）var. utilis Tsen et Lee]and Chinese kale（Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra）,observed the situation of pollen tube growth with anilin blue staining method,analyzed the interspecific hybridization affinity by rate of embryo rescue,selected hybrid parents,and conducted ploidy identification,orphological and cytological analysis on the progeny.The results showed that multiple pollination in bud stage was helpful to obtain hybrid seedlings and material 755is suitable for being female parent in hybridization.Besides,the status of pollen tube growth and hybrid rate by embryo rescue had extreme significant correlation,and anilin blue staining method could assist forecasting the hybridization compatibility.Moreover,the results of field investigation indicated that the plant type of hybrid progeny was partial as female parent with vigorous growth.This hybrid progeny was good intermediate material for breeding vegetable Brassica napus L.of new type.