再论零售企业自营——放弃自营、普遍联营的历史剖析

The Reconsideration on Proprietary Trading of Retail Enterprises——the Historical Analysis on Giving up Proprietary Trading and the Popular Choice of Joint Operation

自营,是商业的最高宗旨,更是过剩经济、买方市场中零售业的基本功、必修课,但在我国经济改革过程中,由于种种原因却误将商业企业本应具有的自营基本功改掉了,与之相对的联营则得到了野蛮生长。自营化解风险,遏制成本;联营放大风险,虚高成本。联营激化零售商与供应商的矛盾,系统性破坏零售业的微观基础,导致零售业自主品牌缺失,损害消费者福利,是流通业成本高、效率低、质量差、环节多、东西贵的重要原因。而在互联网时代,联营打着"互联网+""流通创新"的口号继续泛滥,是导致"市场畸大,商人畸小"的不可忽视的因素。加强自营,有必要在产学研层次形成共识,制定鼓励自营、限制联营的政策,树立自营典范,探索零售企业转变经营方式的有效途径,精准施策推动线上自营与线下自营的融合,培育实体经济性质的新型市场主体,防止雁过拔毛收费敛财的线上联营电商平台与收取租费敛财的线下联营企业之间融合而成为新的"泡沫化"企业。

Proprietary trading is the top purpose of commerce;it is also the basic skill and compulsory course of retail industry in buyers' market in the light of surplus economy. But in China's economic reform,because of different kinds of reasons,the basic skill of proprietary trading has been given up,and the joint operation has been rapidly developed. Proprietary trading can help defuse risk and reduce cost;while joint operation could magnify risk and increase cost. Joint operation will intensify conflict between retailers and suppliers,systemically destroy the micro basis of retail industry,lead to the loss of brand,and damage consumers' welfare;it is the reason for why we can see the high cost,low efficiency,bad quality,more links and high price in the circulation industry. While,in the era of Internet,with the help of Internet plus and innovation in circulation,joint operation has been popularized,which is the causes for the problem of overvalued market and undervalued businessman that we can not neglect. To strengthen the development of proprietary trading,it is necessary for us to reach the consensus on the level of enterprises,collages and institutions,introduce policies that can be used to encourage proprietary trading and restrict joint operation,foster models of proprietary trading,explore the effective way for us to transform operation pattern of retail industry,implement targeted policies to promote the integration of online and offline operation,cultivate more new market main players with the nature of real economy,and prevent the emerging of new'bubble'enterprises.