灌溉方式对樱桃番茄水分生理的影响

Effects of Irrigation Methods on Water Physiology of Cherry Tomato

[目的]探索樱桃番茄对不同灌溉方式下水分生理的反应,为番茄栽培过程中合理用水提供理论依据。[方法]采用小区试验,研究了6种灌溉方式(Ⅰ.常规沟灌;Ⅱ.交替沟灌;Ⅲ.固定灌溉种植行;Ⅳ.固定灌溉操作行;Ⅴ.前期采用常规沟灌,结果期采用交替沟灌;Ⅵ.前期采用交替沟灌,结果期采用常规沟灌)对其生理、生态及水分生产率的影响。[结果]从结果期叶绿素相对含量来看,处理Ⅴ<处理Ⅱ<处理Ⅳ<处理Ⅰ,达到极显著差异水平;其他处理之间不显著。处理Ⅵ整个结果期叶绿素相对含量变化起伏较平缓。处理Ⅵ的净光合速率与蒸腾速率提前于常规沟灌的峰值,分别为6.76、8.51 mmol/(m2·s)且大于对照值。从气孔导度日平均变化来看,处理Ⅵ﹥处理Ⅲ﹥处理Ⅱ差异显著。[结论]前期交替沟灌结果期常规沟灌处理的整个生育期叶绿素相对含量变化起伏较平缓,有利于光合作用的进行和光合产物的积累,有能力抵抗逆境胁迫的伤害,表现出一定的抗逆性,是一种好的节水灌溉方式,在以后的生产中可以加以推广应用。

[ Objective ] Water physiology of cherry tomato was explored under different irrigation methods in order to provide theory basis for rea-sonably using water in tomato planting. [ Method] A plot experiment was carried out to study the effects of six different irrigation methods on physi-ological characters , ecology and water use efficiency of cherry tomato during fruit stage. Six irrigation methods were as followings whole irriga-tion （I） , alternative irrigation （II） , growth row irrigation （IE） , operated row irrigation （IV） , early whole irrigation and later alternative irriga-tion （V） ,early alternative irrigation and later whole irrigation （ VI）. [ Result ] During fruiting period, the order of chlorophyll relative content was as follows ： treatment V 〈 treatment II 〈 treatment IV 〈 treatment I, the difference of SPAD value among different treatments were significant, the difference of other differents was not significant. The SPAD value of treatment I was the highest and treatment VI changed more smoothly. The peak value of net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of treatment VI were 6 . 76 mmol/ （ m2 · s ） , 8.51 mmol/ （ m2 · s ） higher than control . The order of stomata conductance of different treatment was as follows ： treatment VI 〉 treatment III 〉 treatment II, difference of three treatments was not significant . [ Conclusion ] Early alternative irrigation and later whole irrigation not only have the ability to resist stress damage, but also showed some resistance, it is a good way of water - saving irrigation, can be applied in production in the future.