制造业装配线工艺设备改进与噪声防控研究

Study on process equipment improvement and noise control in assembly line of manufacturing industry

目的探讨制造业装配线紧固设备改进在防噪方面的有效性、可操作性和实用性。方法调查某公司摩托车装配生产线生产工艺,同时对比检测并统计分析冲击式风枪改为油压脉冲式风枪前后装配作业场所工人接触的噪声声级及噪声作业分级。结果与使用冲击式风枪相比,试用油压脉冲式风枪作业岗位噪声声级平均降低19 d B(A),配对t检验:t=19.570,P<0.001;改用油压脉冲式风枪后,装配作业岗位噪声声级显著降低,配对t检验:t=6.041,P<0.001,其中装配1线和总装1线平均噪声声级分别下降13 d B(A)和16.6 d B(A),噪声作业分别由中度危害(Ⅱ级)和极度危害(Ⅳ级)降至相对无害(0级)。结论装配作业使用的冲击式风枪改为油压脉冲式风枪在防噪方面合理、有效,可满足实际需求。

Objective To explore the effectiveness,operability and practicability of the improved fastening devices in manufacturing assembly line on noise control. Methods A motorcycle company in a certain city was chosen to survey its assembly line production process. Contrast test and statistic analysis were conducted to investigate the noise intensities and the classifications of noise hazard at assembly posts after the impact type air gun changing into hydraulic pulse type air gun. Results The results showed that compared with the impact type air gun,the hydraulic pulse type air gun made the average noise intensity at operating posts reduced by19 d B（ A）（ paired t test： t = 19. 570,P0. 001）,meanwhile,the noise intensities at assembly posts were also significantly reduced（ paired t test： t = 6. 041,P〈0. 001）,the average noise intensities of assembly line and final assembly line were decreased by 13 d B（ A） and 16. 6 d B（ A） respectively,and the noise occupational hazards classifications were from two to zero and four to zero,respectively as well. Conclusion The results suggested that impact type air gun was changing into hydraulic pulse type air gun in assembly operation was reasonable and effective in noise-control,which could meet the actual demands.