风险控制的部门法思路及其超越

Overcoming the Sectoral Nature of Risk Control Law

现代工业化引发的环境、健康、安全等公共风险极为特殊,风险控制已不再是纯粹的私法自治议题。作为回应,不断发展中的民法、刑法和行政法均将公共风险纳入其调整范围。但由于部门法壁垒的存在,中国"三足鼎立"的风险立法在运行层面呈现出"各自为政"的局面。这无助于风险控制工具之间的协调与合作。借助法经济学的体系化解释技术,散乱分布于各部门法的风险控制工具可被纳入统一的分析框架。这不仅有助于打破部门法壁垒,而且能将各部门法上的风险控制工具体系化整合为"三位一体"的结构。构建这一法律结构首先要打造开放的部门法体系,其次要在部门法体系之外,借助行业单行立法搭建部门法之间的合作桥梁,风险立法由此呈现出部门法"分"与"合"的双重变奏。

The distinctive nature of the public risks arising from modern industrialization’s effect on the environment,health and security mean that risk control is no longer purely a matter of autonomous private law.Accordingly,civil,criminal and administrative law will need to include public risk in their rapidly developing sphere of action.However,the existence of sectoral legal barriers means that in the tripartite system of Chinese risk legislation,each component operates independently,to the detriment of the coordination or cooperation of risk control tools.Drawing on the systematic interpretative techniques of law and economics allows us to bring the risk management tools scattered through different legal sectors into a unified analytical framework.This will not only help break down the barriers between the different sectors of law but will also systemize and integrate the risk control tools of all the sectors into a'triune'structure.The construction of this legal structure must first create open systems of sectoral law and then build cooperative bridges between them,outside the sectoral legal system,by means of separate legislation for particular industries.Risk legislation hence shows the double variation of'separation'and'integration'of sectoral law.