微波能量传输系统设计及试验

Design and test of microwave power transmission system

面向空间太阳能电站应用,进行了固态体制微波能量传输技术研究。针对能量传输波束扩散导致收集效率低的问题,研究了基于人工媒质理论设计的完美匹配层的能量接收整流表面,通过调节人工媒质单元的结构参数实现天线输出阻抗与整流电路输入阻抗的共轭匹配,同时抑制整流电路高次谐波,省去原有匹配及低通滤波器,简化电路结构、实现高效微波能量吸收与转换。以空间太阳能电站规定的波束中心传输微波功率密度限制作为能量接收整流表面设计的约束条件,设计能量接收整流表面,结合固态体制微波能量发射端,搭建5.8GHz小规模微波能量传输系统开展了地面试验验证,实测结果显示整流表面能量转换效率最高为57.7%。此次试验验证了先进的固态能量传输试验系统,为空间太阳能地面缩比试验及未来空间太阳能电站的建设提供了技术支撑。

Microwave power transmission served as the core technology of the Space Solar Power Satellite(SSPS)was studied.The rectifying surface was researched based on the concept of perfectly matched layer to solve the problem that beam collection efficiency would decline with distance away from transmitting antenna because of the spread of beam,by changing perfectly matched layer structure conjugate match between antenna output impedance and rectifier circuit input impedance.The rectifying surface exhibits a strong restrain to high-order harmonics,without the need of RF filter which is an important element for the traditional rectenna,so the circuit structure is simple and high conversion efficiency energy can berealized.And under the proposed limit for the center-of-beam power density to assure environmental health and safety for microwave transmission,an experimental system with solid power amplifier at 5.8GHz was constructed and tested,and the maximum conversion efficiency is 57.7%.The experiment results show that the designed microwave power transmission system is benefit for ground demonstration testing in miniature version and building of SSPS in future.