景观格局特征与区域生物多样性的关系研究

Study on the Relationship between Landscape Pattern and Regional Biodiversity

景观格局决定景观的功能和生态过程,影响着景观内的物种流、信息流、能源流,从而对生物多样性产生显著作用。以鄱阳湖生态经济区为研究区域,运用SPSS 17.0和Fragstats 3.3等统计分析软件,从38个县区的景观特征中选取具有生态意义的景观指数与生物多样性进行相关分析,探讨景观格局特征与区域生物多样性的关系。结果表明,(1)景观类型水平上景观指数与生物多样性之间的关系表现不一,耕地部分指标如PLAND、NP、COHESION(0.476^(**),P<0.01)与区域生物多样性指数呈正相关,耕地的景观特征与各物种大部分指标之间的相关关系呈不显著的负相关,表现出耕地景观与生物多样性具有复杂关系。区域内林地PLAND(0.439^(**),P<0.01)、NP、COHESION(0.609^(**),P<0.01)与区域生物多样性指数呈正相关,林地PD、LPI、AWMSI与区域生物多样性指数呈弱程度的负相关。林地景观除了跟植物的PLAND(0.655^(**),P<0.01)、COHESION(0.729^(**),P<0.01)呈极显著正相关外,与其他多数指标呈负相关。湿地景观大部分指标与区域生物多样性指数呈显著正相关。(2)景观水平上景观指数与生物多样性之间的相关性分析结果表明,区域的景观特征除MPS与区域生物多样性指数呈负相关外,其他景观指标都与区域生物多样性呈正相关,其中TA、NP、LSI、SHDI与区域生物多样性关系较为显著,说明景观的面积大小、数量、形状、多样性对生物多样性和各种生物过程都有较大影响。区域景观特征与生物多样性具有较好的相关性,关系较为复杂。区域内的湿地景观、林地景观是区域生物种的主要栖息场所,同时,作为产粮主产区,耕地景观的影响也不容忽视。因此,保护区域内的湿地、林地、耕地景观对于维持区域生物多样性具有重要作用。该研究对区域内生物多样性的保护和管理具有一定的理论指导意义。

Landscape pattern determines the function of landscape and ecological process, affecting the landscape within the species flow, information flow, energy flow, which has a significant effect on biodiversity. In this paper, choosing the ecological economic zone of Poyang Lake as the study area, SPSS 17.0 and Fragstats 3.3 techniques were selected with the ecological significance of landscape and biodiversity index from 38 counties in the landscape characteristics analysis, in order to explore the relationship between landscape pattern and regional biodiversity. The results showed that： （1） The relationship between the level of landscape types and landscape indices of biodiversity varies, some indicators, such as PLAND, COHESION land NP （0.476＊＊, P〈0.01）, was positively correlated with the regional biodiversity index, the relationship between landscape characteristics of cultivated land and the species most negative, showing the farmland landscape for the complex relationship between biodiversity. The PLAND （0.439＊＊, P〈0.01）, NP, COHESION （0.609＊＊, P〈0.01） in the region were generally positively correlated with regional biodiversity index, and the PD, LPI and AWMSI of forest land were negatively correlated with regional biodiversity index. While most of the indicators of wetland landscape and regional biodiversity index showed significant positive correlation. （2） The landscape level between thelandscape index and biodiversity related results showed that the index of regional landscape features in addition to MPS and regional biodiversity was negatively correlated, other landscape indicators were associated with regional biodiversity positively, and among them, that of TA, NP, LSI, and SHDI with regional species diversity was significant, indicating the size of landscape, number, shape, and diversity had a great influence on the biodiversity and various biological processes. The wetland landscape area and forest landscape were the main habitat of regional biodiversity, and at the same time as the grain producing areas, farmland landscape effects could not be ignored. Therefore, to protect the area of wetland, woodland and farmland landscape has important implications for maintaining regional biodiversity. The research has certain theoretical guiding significance for regional biodiversity protection and management.