珠江三角洲桑基鱼塘现状及创新发展研究

Current Situation and Innovative Development Countermeasures of the Mulberry Dike-fish Pond in the Pearl River Delta

"珠三角"地区地狭人稠,水网纵横,灾害频发,通过长期开发改造低洼地,桑基鱼塘已经形成了特殊的土地利用方式,它实现了物质循环利用,维持生态平衡的目的,在地区经济发展与生态安全维护方面,发挥了不可替代的作用,是现代生态文明的典范。然而,这种传统生产模式目前面临着衰退,即将在历史舞台中消亡。作为一种农业文化遗产,它不仅能够支持农业生产,还具有很高的文化价值,值得深入认识和研究。以往研究更多关注桑基鱼塘生产和能量循环功能方面,对于这种土地利用方式下农业文化传承与发展,融合"土地整治+"理念,使其能够延续和拓展,为当今生态文明建设提供宝贵的经验和借鉴,仍然有待于总结和创新。文章采用实地调查及文献总结方法,通过阐述桑基鱼塘的系统特征,分析基塘发展面临的国土、生态、综合效益等具体问题,构建桑基鱼塘高效生态利用新模式,提出其今后发展的创新思路和建议,以期能够正确地认识桑基鱼塘的文化价值和生态效应,继承和发扬岭南农耕文化,复兴基塘农业,促进耕地保护与生态建设有机结合,推进"珠三角"地区生态文明建设。

The Pearl River Delta area, where is known as densely populated, vertical and horizontal water network, and the frequently disasters. Through the long-term renovation and transformation of low-lying land, the Mulberry dike-fish pond has become a special land use pattern. It is an excellent model of modern ecological civilization construction, which realizes the material recycling and maintains the ecological balance. However, this traditional pattern of production is now facing recession and will die out on the stage of history. Previous studies pay more attention to the Mulberry fish pond production and energy circulation, as an agricultural cultural heritage, it can not only support agricultural production, but also has high cultural value and deserves deep understanding and research, how to enable it to continue and expand, provide valuable experience and reference for the construction of ecological civilization, still need to be summarized and innovation. The key issue we face is to inherit and develop the ancient farming culture, to serve the present by integrated utilization. By means of investigation and literature summarization, this paper aims to expound the systematic characteristics of Mulberry dike-fish ponds; to analyze the specific problems such as land, ecology and comprehensive benefits faced by the development of ponds; to construct a new pattern of efficient ecological utilization of Mulberry dike-fish ponds, and to put forward some innovative ideas for its future development. In order to revive the pond agriculture, inherit and carry forward the farming culture of South of the Five Ridges, correctly understand the cultural value and ecological effects of the mulberry pond, promote the construction of ecological civilization in the Pearl River Delta region, and provide strong support for the construction of the maritime Silk Road in twenty-first Century.