语法化视阈下的汉日体貌形式比较研究——以“V着”和「Vテイル」为中心

A Comparative Study of Aspect Markers in Chinese and Japanese from the Perspective of Grammaticalization——Vzhe and Vteiru as Examples

本文通过比较汉语"V着"形式与日语「Vテイル」形式语法化的过程和机制,指出现代汉语"V着"形式与现代日语「Vテイル」形式在意义用法上的相似之处源于它们语法化过程以及中日两国人民语言认知上的相似之处,它们意义用法的相异之处则源于它们与其他语法形式的竞争。也就是说,汉语"V着"形式与日语「Vテイル」形式在现代共时平面存在的意义用法大范围交叉其实是它们相似的语法化过程的结果和表现,而相似的语法化过程则是中日两国人民语言认知上相似认知机制导致的必然结果。另一方面,现代汉语"V着"形式与日语「Vテイル」形式用法的区别则来源于它们分别与"在V""V了"以及「Vテアル」形式的竞争。

This paper makes a comparison between the grammaticalization of aspect markers in Japanese and Chinese languages, with Vzhe in Chinese and Vteiru in Japanese as examples. It mainly concentrates on their processes and mechanisms of grammaticalization. The results suggest that the similarity in meaning and use of the Vzhe form in modem Chinese and the Vteiru form in modern Japanese comes from the similarities in their processes and mechanisms of grammaticalization. That is to say, the wide range of cross meanings and uses of the Vzhe form in Chinese and the Vteiru form in Japanese is the result of their similar processes of grammaticalization, which is the inevitable result of similar cognitive mechanisms among the Chi- nese and Japanese people.