习惯普遍管辖权的认定

Identification of Customary Universal Jurisdiction

普遍管辖权是一种特殊的国家涉外刑事管辖权,行使普遍管辖权需由国际法授权。习惯法可能作为普遍管辖权的国际法依据,但对习惯普遍管辖权之确立存在重大争议。考虑到现有研究之不足及问题本身的理论与实践意义,有必要讨论习惯普遍管辖权的认定。本文根据习惯法一般理论,结合普遍管辖行为特点,提出确立习惯普遍管辖权的标准;依此标准考察、梳理、分析普遍管辖实践能够得出如下确定结论:尽管理论上可行、针对现有国际罪行的习惯普遍管辖权并未产生。

Universal jurisdiction whose application requires authorization of international law is a special kind of criminal Jurisdiction concerning foreign affairs enjoyed by country and customary law can be its legal basis. However, there is much controversy on customary universal jurisdiction. Considering the research is insufficient and different viewpoints are all arbitrary and lack of demonstration, there needs a discussion on identification of customary universal jurisdiction. According to general customary law theory, plus unique character of universal jurisdiction, we can summarize criterions of identifying customary universal jurisdiction; applying these criterions to practices, a conclusion can be made that customary universal jurisdiction does not exist yet.