数字减影血管造影结合容积再现技术在颅内动脉瘤夹闭术中的应用价值

Application value of digital subtraction angiography combined with volume rendering technique in intracranial aneurysm clipping

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤夹闭术中DSA结合容积再现技术(VRT)的应用价值。方法回顾性连续纳入2016年1月至7月入住江苏省苏北人民医院神经外科的颅内动脉瘤患者19例,均行开颅夹闭术。夹闭后即刻行DSA并利用VRT处理相关图像,对夹闭效果欠佳者调整动脉瘤夹后,直至造影证实夹闭满意。将动脉瘤无复发且格拉斯哥预后评分为4~5分评价为治疗效果良好。结果 19例患者共计26个动脉瘤,显微镜下观察均完全夹闭。经造影证实,18个动脉瘤首次完全夹闭,1个基底动脉顶端动脉瘤其对侧大脑后动脉夹闭并伴有瘤颈残留,1个前交通动脉动脉瘤将对侧A2夹闭,1个后交通动脉动脉瘤将脉络膜前动脉完全夹闭,3个瘤颈部残留,1个大脑中动脉分叉处动脉瘤夹闭后上干血管狭窄,1个前交通动脉动脉瘤夹闭后前交通动脉及对侧A2起始处狭窄。2个因术中动脉瘤破裂出血未能调整外,其余经调整后夹闭理想。2例严重脑血管痉挛中,1例经导管缓慢注射罂粟碱后好转,1例应用罂粟碱脑棉片局部湿敷后好转。术中DSA及VRT图像处理时间30~100 min,未发生造影相关并发症。术后随访3~16个月,CT血管成像示均无动脉瘤再生长及狭窄血管闭塞,1例偏瘫,18例恢复良好。结论术中DSA结合VRT有助于术中实时观察夹闭效果、调整动脉瘤夹,可减少瘤颈残留、载瘤动脉和瘤周血管闭塞,从而改善手术效果。

Objective To investigate the application value of digital subtraction angiography（ DSA）combined with volume rendering technique（ VRT） in intracranial aneurysm clipping. Methods From January to July 2016,19 consecutive patients with intracranial aneurysm admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery,Northern Jiangsu People＇ s Hospital were enrolled retrospectively. All patients underwent craniotomy clipping immediately after clipping,DSA was performed and VRT was use to process the related images. For those with poor clipping effect,angiography was performed again after the adjustment of the aneurysm clips,until angiography confirmed that the clipping was satisfactory. Good treatment was defined as no recurrence of aneurysms and the Glasgow outcome scale of 4-5. Results Nineteen patients had 26 aneurysms. They were all clipped completely observed under the microscope. Confirmed by angiography,18 aneurysms were clipped completely for the first time,1 apical aneurysm of basilar artery and its contralateral posterior cerebral artery were clipped with a residual aneurysm neck,the contralateral A2 artery was clipped in 1 anterior communicating artery aneurysm,an anterior choroidal artery was clipped completetly in1 posterior communicating aneurysm,3 aneurysms had residual necks,the upper stem artery was stenosis after 1 middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysm was clipped,the anterior communicating artery and the origin of contralateral A2 was stenotic after one anterior communicating artery aneurysm being clipped.Except for 2 aneurysms ruptured without adjustment during the operation,the clipping of other aneurysms was ideal after adjustment. In 2 patients with severe cerebral vasospasm,1 was relieved after a slow transcatheter injection of papaverine,1 was relieved after putting papaverine-wetted cotton piece on the site of vasospasm. The intraoperative DSA and VRT image processing time was 30-100 min. No complications associated with angiography occurred. The patients were followed up for 3-16 months,computed tomography angiography was showed no aneurysm recurrence and vascular stenosis,there were 1 case with hemiplegia and 18 cases with good recovery. Conclusions Intraoperative DSA combined with VRT can help to observe the clipping effect in real time and adjust the aneurysm clips. It can reduce the residual aneurysm neck,parent artery,and peritumoral vascular occlusion,thus improving the operation effect and reducing the disability and mortality.