复杂碳酸盐岩储层岩石分类方法研究现状与展望

Review and prospective of rock-typing for complex carbonate reservoirs

碳酸盐岩储集层岩石分类是储层评价和地质建模过程中的关键步骤.复杂碳酸盐岩的强非均质性导致目前尚无统一的碳酸盐岩储集层岩石分类方法,目前国内外碳酸盐岩储层岩石分类方法多受单因素控制,将其根据分类依据划分为地质、物性、开发动态三大类别.总结了不同的岩石分类方法研究进展、现状、存在的优势和局限性,提出碳酸盐岩储层岩石分类的发展方向.地质分类法揭示了沉积成岩特征,但孔渗关系及物理响应不明确;物性分类具有较好的孔渗关系,但在储层静态地质建模过程中,缺乏地质成因空间约束,导致空间岩石类型预测不确定性高;开发动态分类联系生产动态,但划分尺度较大,不能揭示储层微观特征.指出针对复杂碳酸盐岩,综合微观定量数据与宏观定性资料、囊括地质与岩石物理内涵、兼顾储层静态与油藏动态的多层次分类方法是复杂碳酸盐岩储集岩分类的最有效途径,是未来碳酸盐岩储层岩石分类发展的主要方向.

Rock-typing is a significant step in carbonate reservoir characterization and static geological model building. But the strong heterogeneity of carbonate results in there is no agreed method for complex carbonate rock-typing. Common methods both in China and abroad in recent years of rock-typing are generally dominated by single factors, which can be classified as geology methods,petrophysics methods and development dynamic methods. The research development,present status and the existing problems of main methods of rock-typing are summarized and the development directions of rock-typing are forecasted in this paper. The geology methods reveal lithology characteristic but lack of definite K-Φrelationship and physical response. Petrophysic methods generally have definite K-Φ relationship but lack of 3-D constraint ability so that there is high degree of uncertainty to predict the distribution of different rock types in 3-D. Development dynamic methods are associated with development but the large scale rock type can ＇t reveal the micro lithology and physical properties. The methods which combine microscopic quantitative data and macroscopic qualitative data,geological and petrophysical connotation,reservoir static and dynamic characteristic are the more effective approach for complex carbonate reservoir rock-typing. It＇s also the development direction of carbonate reservoir rock-typing.