中国边境地缘经济的空间差异及影响机制

The spatial disparity and impact mechanism of geo-economy in the border areas of China

边境地区是国家重要的国土安全屏障和对外开放门户,深刻分析复杂地缘环境下,中国内陆边境地区的地缘经济合作现状及其影响机制,对于挖掘利用边境传统优势,促进中国边境、民族地区加速发展意义重大。在综合分析边境地缘经济理论的基础之上,搭建地缘经济分析框架,纳入本地经济、外向型经济、本地综合发展三大类指标后,系统刻画了中国边境地区的地缘经济发展及演化。并通过地理探测器剖析了中国边境地区地缘经济空间分异的机制。研究结果发现,边境地区的地缘经济综合发展水平总体平稳增长,空间分异明显。东北地区地缘经济的绝对优势地位逐渐下降。优势地区在空间上高度分散,呈现以东北地区的牡丹江市、内蒙古地区的包头市、新疆地区的博尔塔拉蒙古自治州、云南广西地区的德宏傣族景颇族自治州、崇左市为增长极核的空间极化格局。边境地区的地缘经济主要受国家政策的影响,以及邻国发展水平、与中国展开双边贸易的合作意愿等。政策优惠指数、交通通达度、文化接近度等因素对边境地缘经济影响显著。其中,内蒙古地区、西藏地区以邻国影响为主;东北地区、新疆地区以中国政策影响为主;云南广西地区为综合因素影响。最后,文章提出复杂地缘环境下,差异化边境地区地缘经济发展的政策建议及启示。

The border region is of great significance for national security and external economic development. In the context of complex geopolitical environment, it is urgent to conduct a deep analysis of the geo-economic cooperation and its impact mechanism for accelerating development in China＇s border areas. On the basis of the comprehensive analysis of the frontier geo-economic theory, the framework of geo-economic analysis is built up in this paper,including three major categories of indicators： local economy, export-oriented economy, and local economic development. This paper systematically depicts the geo-economic development and its evolution in China＇s border areas. By using the Geog Detector, the mechanism of spatial disparity is also analyzed. It is found that the level of geo-economic development in border areas is generally stable, with obvious spatial differentiation. The absolute advantage position of geo-economy in Northeast China has gradually in a decline, while the advanced areas are highly dispersed geographically. The growth poles for geo-economic development include the Mudanjiang in Northeast China, Baotou in Inner Mongolia of North China, Bortala Mongolia Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang of Northwest China, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan of Southwest China, as well as Chongzuo in Guangxi of South China.The geo-economy of the border areas are mainly influenced by the national policies, the development level of its neighbors, as well as the willingness on bilateral trade. National policies, traffic accessibility, and cultural proximity have significantly affected the geoeconomic performance. Among them, the geo-economic performances of Inner Mongolia and Tibet are mainly affected by the development of neighboring countries, the northeast region and Xinjiang are mainly affected by policy supports, while Guangxi and Yunnan are affected by comprehensive factors. Finally, this paper puts forward policy suggestions and implications for geo-economic development in China＇s border areas in the complex geographical environment.