女性尿路结石患者198例年龄分布和结石成分分析

Age distribution and composition analysis of 198 female cases with urinary calculi

目的 分析女性尿路结石患者年龄分布和结石成分,为临床治疗提供方向及思路.方法 选取女性尿路结石患者198例,详细记录患者年龄、结石部位,分析结石成分.结果 该研究入组女性尿路结石患者198例,≤25岁2例,占1.01%;〉25~45岁20例,占10.10%;〉45~65岁109例,占55.05%;〉65岁67例,占33.84%.结石主要成分为含草酸钙、含碳酸磷灰石、含六水磷酸镁铵、含尿酸类、含胱氨酸,其中含草酸钙成分158例,占79.80%;含碳酸磷灰石成分135例,占68.18%;含六水磷酸镁铵成分8例,占4.04%;含尿酸类成分40例,占20.20%;含胱氨酸成分12例,占6.06%.198例女性结石患者中分为混合结石以及单纯结石,其中混合结石以草酸钙＋碳酸磷灰石、草酸钙＋尿酸盐、草酸钙＋胱氨酸、碳酸磷灰石＋六水磷酸镁铵、草酸钙＋碳酸磷灰石＋尿酸类、草酸钙＋碳酸磷灰石＋胱氨酸,碳酸磷灰石＋六水磷酸镁铵＋尿酸类7种为主,单纯结石3种（草酸钙,碳酸磷灰石,尿酸盐及尿酸）;根据结石主要成分划分为以草酸钙为主131例、尿酸类为主23例、胱氨酸为主8例、碳酸磷灰石为主21例、六水磷酸镁铵为主15例;根据尿路结石部位分为上尿路结石171例、下尿路结石27例.结论 女性尿路结石患者多高发于绝经后及老年阶段,根据结石不同成分应避免相关饮食摄入以免复发.

Objective To analyze the age distribution and stone composition of female patients with urinary calculi,and to provide the direction and ideas for clinical treatment. Methods 198 patients with urinary calculi were selected. The age,stone parts of patients were recorded,the stone composition was analyzed. Results In this study, there were 198 female patients with urinary calculi,2 cases≤25 years old,accounting for 1. 01%,20 patients 〉25~45 years,accounting for 10. 10%,109 patients 〉45~65 years,accounting for 55. 05 %,〉65 years old patients in 67 cases, accounting for 33. 84%. The main components of calcium stones were calcium carbonate components, carbonated apatite components, magnesium hexahydrate phosphate components, uric acid components, cystine components. The calcium oxalate composition stone in 158 cases, accounting for 79. 80%. There were 135 cases （68. 18%） of carbonate-containing apatite. 8 cases of magnesium sulfate hexahydrate, accounting for 4. 04%. 40 cases of uric acid-containing stones,accounting for 20. 20%. 12 cases of cystic acid containing stones,accounting for 6. 06%. 198 female cases with stones were divided into mixed stones and simple stones. The mixed stones were mainly calcium oxalate ＋ carbonate apatite,calcium oxalate ＋ urate,calcium oxalate ＋ cystine,carbonate apatite ＋magnesium phosphate hexahydrate,calcium oxalate ＋ carbonated apatite ＋ uric acid,calcium oxalate ＋ carbonate apatite ＋ cystine,carbonate apatite ＋ magnesium phosphate hexahydrate ＋ uric acid） . The simple stones were mainly calcium oxalate,carbonated apatite,uric acid and uric acid. According to the main components of the stone, they were divided into 131 cases of calcium oxalate, uric acid-based 23 cases, cystine-based 8 cases, 21 cases of carbonate apatite,magnesium phosphate hexahydrate mainly in 15 cases. According to the position of urinary tract stones,they were divided into upper urinary tract stones in 171 cases,27 cases of lower urinary tract stones. Conclusion Female urinary tract stones in patients with high incidence in postmenopausal and old age, according to different components of stones should avoid the relevant dietary intake in order to avoid recurrence.