塔里木河流域枯水年生态调水方式及生态补偿研究

Study of Ecological Water Transfer Mode and Ecological Compensation Scheme of the Tarim River Basin in Dry Years

近年来塔里木河流域大规模水土资源开发导致水资源供需矛盾日益尖锐,特别在枯水年,生态及社会安全受到严重威胁,亟需通过提出科学合理的生态调水方式及生态补偿方案来化解这一矛盾。论文利用塔里木河"四源一干"的地表径流、断面引退水、地下水埋深、气象等资料及干流下游流域内的遥感影像数据,根据水量平衡原理计算了各河流的河损及干流下游的生态需水量,提出了枯水年流域水量分配方案,确定了流域枯水年生态调水方式及相应的生态补偿方案。结果表明:1)在特枯水年,下游需水量为7.01×10~8m^3,至少挤占上游源流10.70×10~8m^3水才能保障,从上游源流调水至干流单方水的总效益和经济效益将分别减少38.2%和81.2%,因此该调水方式是不合理的,应改从开都-孔雀河调水以满足下游用水;2)调水后上游源流对开都-孔雀河单方水的补偿量为3.4元。研究可为流域水资源的高效开发、利用和管理提供科学依据。

In recent years, the exploration of water and soil resources in the Tarim River Basin has led to increasingly violent contradiction between water supply and demand, especially in dry years. Ecological and social securities are seriously threatened. It is urgent to put forward scientific and reasonable ecological water transfer mode and ecological compensation scheme.Using surface runoff, water diversion and recession and groundwater depth of the four source streams and main stream of the Tarim River Basin, remote sensing data of the main stream and meteorological data, this paper calculated the water loss of each river and ecological water demand in the lower reaches of the main stream based on water balance principle, and water resources allocation scheme in dry years was put forward. Furthermore, the ecological water transfer mode in dry years and corresponding ecological compensation scheme were determined. The results showed that in dry years water demand in the lower reaches is 7.01×10^8m^3, taking at least 10.70 ×10^8m^3 of water in the upper reaches. If transferring water from the source stream in the upper reaches to the source stream in the lower reaches, the total benefit and economic benefit of 1 m^3 water will be reduced by 38.2% and 81.2%, respectively.Therefore, the transferring water from the upper reaches to the lower reaches is impracticable.After water transfer, the source stream in the upper reaches should compensate the KaiduKongque River 3.4 yuan/m^3. This study provides a scientific basis for the development,utilization and management of water resources.