舟山市空气污染物对呼吸门诊就诊人数的影响研究

The impact of fine particulate air pollution on the number of outpatients with respiratory diseases in Zhoushan city

目的了解舟山市空气污染物对舟山医院呼吸门诊就诊人数的影响。方法收集2014-2015年舟山市舟山医院呼吸门诊就诊数据和舟山市空气污染物(PM_(2.5)、SO_2、NO_2)以及气象数据(平均气温和相对湿度),采用广义相加模型分析空气污染物与呼吸门诊就诊人数之间的关系。结果 2014-2015年舟山市日均PM_(2.5)浓度为(31.30±21.80)μg/m^3,符合国家Ⅱ级标准,空气质量总体较优。1~2月,3种空气污染物浓度较高,且与呼吸门诊就诊人数出现的高峰期重叠。模型拟合结果显示,PM_(2.5)浓度每升高10μg/m^3,呼吸门诊就诊人数增加(RR=1.013 5,95%CI:1.001 9~1.025 2)。PM_(2.5)滞后5d时对呼吸门诊就诊人数的影响效应更大。结论舟山市PM_(2.5)对呼吸门诊就诊人数存在急性效应,在雾霾时期及早采取预防措施,可降低伤害。

Objective To discuss the impact of fine particulate air pollution on the number of outpatients with respiratory diseases in Zhoushan.Methods Data of daily hospital outpatients with respiratory diseases were collected from 2014 to 2015,meanwhile,meteorological data（daily average temperature and humidity）as well as air pollutants（PM_（2.5）,SO_2,NO_2） were recorded in Zhoushan.Generalized additive model（GAM）was used to analyze the association between ambient PM_（2.5） concentration and number of hospital outpatients with respiratory diseases.Results During 2014 and 2015,the average daily ambient PM_（2.5） level was 31.30±21.80μg/m^3,which was in the national standard classⅡrange with an overall good air quality.Between January and February,the daily ambient PM_（2.5） level was high,which was linked to the high number of daily hospital outpatients with respiratory diseases.The GAM analysis showed that the number of outpatients with respiratory diseases increased with every increase of 10μg/m^3 in PM_（2.5）（RR=1.013 5,95% CI：1.001 9-1.025 2）.Conclusions Ambient PM_（2.5） level is closely linked to the number of outpatients with respiratory diseases in Zhoushan city.Early intervention during air pollution period should be taken to decrease the outpatient number in hospital.