HIV自我检测技术研究进展

The advance of detection technology of HIV self-testing

目前中国艾滋病检测量上升迅速，但仍有许多已感染人群不能认识到自己的感染状态，从而推迟了抗病毒治疗的时间。HIV自我检测（HIVserf-testing，HST）作为一种扩大检测的有效方法，不仅操作简单，易得出结果，还能有效保护检测者的隐私，扩大检测者的选择方式，适用于全人群，同时也是艾滋病其他综合预防措施的前提和基础，是世界各国正在推广的方法。由于HST在窗口期、价格和检测前后的咨询上存在争议，而中国正处于HST的起步和探索阶段，所以还未制定相关的自我检测政策，但越来越多的国家都在根据本国情况陆续修改或者制定允许自行使用快速检测的政策来规范艾滋病自检市场。本文通过对HST的优势及影响其推广的因素进行分析与总结，认为从长远来看，HST利大于弊，需要制定相关政策，同时提高试剂盒的灵敏度，缩短窗口期时间，制作并推广自检操作标准视频，规范检测者的操作手法，并且对可能产生或者已经产生的社会危害进行预防与报告，深入人群进行调查和了解人们的需要，最大限度地发挥自检的优势，发现更多的感染者，从而达到遏制艾滋病流行的目标。

At present, China＇s AIDS testing increased rapidly, but there are still many people living with HIV do not recognize their status, thus postponing the antiviral treatment time. HIV self-testing （HST） is an effective method to expand the testing, not only simple operation, easy to get a result, effectively protect the detection privacy, expand the selection of testers, suit to the entire population, but also the premise and basis of other AIDS comprehensive prevention measures, all over the world are promoting it. Because the HST has controversies in the window period, price and before and after controversial, and our country is in the initial stage of HST, so it is not to develop related policies, but more and more countries are in accordance with their own situations are modified or developed to allow to use rapid detection of AIDS policy to regulate the field. This paper analyzed and summarized the advantage and influence factors of HST promotion, HST believes that in the long term, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, we need to formulate relevant policies, and improve the sensitivity of the kit, shorten the window period of time, production and promotion of operation standard of video, specification and testing the operating practices, preventing and reporting the possible social harm, investigation and understanding of the needs of the people of the crowd, to maximize the advantages of HST, find more infection, so as to curb the epidemic of AIDS.