山东省青少年抑郁、社会支持和自我效能感的特点研究

A Study on the Characteristics of Depression,Social Support and Self Efficacy of the Adolescents in Shandong Province

研究山东省青少年抑郁、社会支持和自我效能感的特点,为制定学校教育环境中的青少年抑郁早期预防和干预的措施提供依据。采用随机抽样的方法对1776名青少年进行问卷调查,年龄区间为11-18岁。青少年整体处于可能抑郁状态;青少年有较好的社会支持,青少年所体验到的朋友支持较高;青少年自我效能感状况一般。青少年在抑郁状况上,存在着显著的年级、不同学习成绩、是否班干部、父母不同文化、不同居住地差异(P<0.01);青少年在社会支持各维度上,存在着显著的性别、年级、不同学习成绩、是否班干部、不同居住地差异(P<0.05);青少年在自我效能感方面,存在着显著的性别、不同学习成绩、是否班干部、父母不同文化、不同居住地差异(P<0.05)。青少年的抑郁状况不容乐观,特别是初四年级、学习成绩差、家庭经济条件中下的中学生。国家、社会、家庭要共同关注青少年的精神状况,促进青少年健康快乐成长。

To investigate the characteristics of depression, social support and self efficacy of the adolescents in Shandong Province, and provide the basis for the early prevention and intervention measures of adolescent de- pression in School education environment. Methods ： to investigate the depression, social support and self effica- cy of 1776 adolescents in Shandong Province by means of random sampling method and using questionnaire. Their age ranges from 11 to 18. Results： The adolescents are in the possible depression;they have better social support;support from friends they experienced is higher; and they just show usual self- efficacy ;Regarding the various factors of depression, there are significant differences in grades, school records, parents ~ cultural back- grounds ,residential places and whether they are class cadre. （ p 〈 0. 01 ）. Regarding the various factors of so- cial support, there are significant differences in gender, grades, school records, residential places , and whether they are class cadre （ p 〈 0. 05 ）. Regarding the various factors of self efficacy, there are significant differences in gender, school records, parents＂ cultural backgrounds, residential places, and whether they are class cadre （ p 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion：the current situation of adolescents＂ depression is not promising. This is especially true for the fourth grade junior high school students with poor academic performance and bad family economic condi- tions. The government, the whole society and the families should work together for the healthy and happy grow - up of the young people.