基于空间尺度,土地利用规划环境影响评价指标研究

Study the EIA Indicators of Land Use Planning Base on Spatial Scale

当前土地利用环境影响评价指标,大多从单一层面研究,很少从空间尺度层面进行研究,而土地利用规划属于空间规划,相应的土地利用规划环境影响评价,也就带有空间尺度性,因此,有必要从空间尺度的角度对土地利用规划环境影响评价指标进行研究,从而明确土地利用环境影响评价指标的空间尺度差异与协调性。本文,通过对土地利用规划环评指标研究成果的梳理,借鉴相关研究成果,运用持续发展理论、土地利用覆盖理论、生态经济协调理论、系统工程理论、景观生态学理论、尺度理论对不同空间土地规划环评内容进行识别,在此基础上构建基于宏观、中观、微观三个层面的土地利用规划环境影响评价指标体系。研究结果:全国、省级、地市级、县级和乡镇级土地利用规划环评指标可以分为宏观、中观、微观三个尺度层面,其中全国与省级属于宏观层面;地市级属于中观层面;县级与乡镇级属于微观层面。各层面土地利用规划环评指标既存在相似性,但差异性也比较明显。研究结论:对于同一环境的影响,环评指标由于尺度的不同,其评价指标侧重点也有宏观、整体向微观、具体性过度;不同尺度层面土地利用规划环评指标存在一定的相似性,但由于尺度差异,其指标所描述的环境影响程度差别较大,其指标的表述应体现出空间尺度差异性。

the current land use environmental impact assessment indicators, mostly from single level research is rarely investigated from the spatial aspect, and land use planning belongs to the space planning, environmental impact assessment of land use planning accordingly, also with the spatial scale, so it is necessary from the spatial perspective on the environmental impact of land use planning the evaluation index so as to clear the land use spatial scale environmental impact evaluation index difference and coordination.In this paper, based on the land use planning E1A index theories, from the relevant research results, the land sustainable development theory, the coverage / theory and ecological economic coordination theory, system engineering theory, landscape ecology theory, the scale theory were used to distinguish different spatial scale environmental impact assessment of land use planning content, based on the above index system of macro, meso and micro three levels of environmental impact of land use planning were structured. Results： national provincial, municipal, county and township land use planning EIA index system can be divided into macro, meso and micro three level scale, which belongs to the national and provincial macro level; municipal and county belong to the middle level and township level to the micro level the planning EIA index has the similarity of land at all levels but the difference is obviouso Research conclusion： for the impact of the same environment, because of the different scale of the EIA index, the evaluation index emphasis on macroscopic and overall character to microcosmic and corporeality character. The use of planning ErA index has some similar land level in different scale, but because of the scale difference, environmental impact index describes the differences, the index expression should reflect the spatial scale differences.