无人驾驶汽车的伦理困境、成因及对策分析

An Analysis of the Ethical Dilemma,Causes and Countermeasures of Driveless Vehicles

无人驾驶汽车从概念提出到技术实现仅用了几十年的时间,随着商业化进程的提速,未来将可能颠覆现有的交通模式,给人类出行带来极大方便。但当无人驾驶汽车面临不可避免的碰撞时,可能出现伦理困境,如电车难题与隧道难题。而这一问题的根源在于无人驾驶汽车必须自主做出伦理选择且其决策远离真实情景。当前解决这一伦理困境的对策主要聚焦于义务论、后果论和智能论三个方面。但是这些讨论未能解决无人驾驶汽车的真实困境。因此,本文进一步提出了解决无人驾驶伦理困境的对策与思路。

With the rapid commercialization of Automated Vehicles（AVs）, AVs likely subvert the existing mode of transport in the future, which will bring great convenience to human. But when AVs face with unavoidable collisions, there may be ethical dilemmas, such as the trolley problem and tunnel problem. The reason for these problems are that AVs must make ethical choices whieh are far from the real scene. The current solutions to these problems are mainly from the theory of deontology, consequentialism and artificial intelligence approaches. However, these discussions doesnt solve the real dilem- ma of AVs, so in the end this article discusses the ideas the may be helpful to solve the AVs ethical dilemma.