基于计算机游戏的自闭症谱系障碍儿童评估研究

Research on Evaluation for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder by Computer Games

评估是自闭症谱系障碍儿童教育干预的必要前提。基于问卷量表的评估方式对专业水平及经验依赖程度高,缺乏客观的量化指标,因此,研究采用了信息化手段探索评估的可行性。研究基于心理机能理论,设计计算机游戏评估项目,比较自闭症儿童与正常发展儿童在共同注意、心理推测、视觉配对、精细动作、认知理解、概念分类等方面发展水平的量化差异,结果表明:(1)自闭症儿童上述各项能力发展水平均低于正常发展儿童,且个体间存在显著的差异性;(2)自闭症儿童的共同注意和心理推测能力水平明显低于正常发展儿童,客观反映了自闭症的核心症状;(3)计算机游戏应用于自闭症儿童教育评估具有可行性,对制定教育干预计划意义重大。

Evaluation is a necessary prerequisite of educational intervention for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders（ASD）.The traditional evaluation method which is based on questionnaire is highly dependent on the expertise and experience of the evaluator and lacks objective quantitative indexes.Hence, this paper adopts an information-based means to explore the feasibility of evaluation. Based on theories of psychological function, computer games are designed for evaluation, and the qualitative differences in developmental level between children with ASD and typically developing children（TD） are compared in joint attention, psychological inference, visual matching, fine action, cognitive understanding and concept classification. The results indicate that（1） the development level of children with ASD is generally lower than that of TD children, and there are significant differences among individuals.（2） The joint attention and psychological inference of children with ASD are significantly weaker than those of TD children, which reflects the core symptoms of children with ASD objectively.（3） To use computer games is feasible in the educational evaluation for children with ASD and is significant for the development of education intervention.