农业机械化的空间溢出效应及其分布规律——农机跨区服务的视角

The Spatial Spillover Effect of Agricultural Mechanization and Its Distribution Pattern:The Perspective of Interregional-Service of Agricultural Machinery

农机跨区服务实现了区域间技术外溢和农业内部分工。本文基于2001~2014年省级面板数据,运用空间Durbin模型研究农机化水平对谷物产量的空间溢出效应,得出的主要结论有:第一,农机的跨区服务导致农机化水平对谷物产量有空间溢出效应,即其他区域的农机化水平对本区域谷物产量有显著的正向影响;第二,从空间范围来看,农机化水平的空间溢出效应辐射面广,经济距离半天之内的地区空间溢出效应占比为68.3%,一天之内的地区占比为85.4%;第三,从空间分布来看,农机化水平的空间溢出效应发生在纬度不同的区域之间,而在纬度相近的区域之间并不显著,这契合了中国农机跨纬度作业的实际情况;第四,从时间范围来看,2001~2014年,农机化水平的空间溢出效应呈现出逐年递增的趋势,其中2011~2014年空间溢出效应是2001~2005年的4.6倍,这契合了我国农机跨区服务规模逐年上升的发展趋势。

The cross-regional service of agricultural mechanization is an important form of agricultural division of labor and technological spillover. The paper used panel data covering 31 regions in China from 2001 to 2014 and the Durbin Model to empirically analyze the spatial spillover effect of agricultural mechanization on grain output. The main conclusions are:(1) the interregional-service of agricultural mechanization results in the spatial spillover effect. That is, the mechanization level of one region has positive effect on the grain output of the regions surrounding it.(2) the spillovereffect is widely distributed with 63.8% of the total effect being achieved within half-day economic distance and 85.4%in one-day.(3) from the spatial distribution, the spatial spillover effect was mainly achieved in regions located in different latitudes, and was insignificant between regions with similar latitudes, testifying the realistic character of agricultural mechanization service achieved among different latitudes in China.(4) from the time dimension, the spatial spillover effect of agricultural has increased by year from 2001 to 2014. The effect for 2011~2014 is 4.6 times that of 2001~2005, which is in line with the development trend of China's scale of cross-regional service of agricultural mechanization year by year.