苏俄检察监督制度及其现代发展

On Procuratorial Supervision System of the Soviet Russia and its Modern Development

苏俄在改造沙俄司法过程中,检察院作为法律监督的专门机关及检察监督制度得以确立,随着苏维埃国家和法制的发展逐渐形成了集中化、系统化、垂直化的制度模式,并被宪法赋予了最高监督权的定位。苏俄检察监督由一般监督和司法监督两种形式构成,在权力制衡理论基础上形成再监督机制,构成了一套完整的检察监督运行机制。随着苏联解体,俄罗斯继承了苏俄时期检察监督的大部分职能,检察机关在新政权体制的要求下被重新定位,其监督职能也发生了转型性变革,并在相关立法和法制建设过程中形成了现代俄罗斯检察监督制度的具体样式。中俄法律之间具有不可隔断的历史渊源,苏俄与俄罗斯联邦检察监督的制度样式及变迁是我国当下进行司法改革和法治建设的重要资源。

In the process of reforming judicial system of the Tsarist Russia,the procuratorate was established in the Soviet Russia as the special organ of the legal supervision and prosecutorial supervision system,and was gradually centralized,systematized and verticalized with the development of the country and its legal system.As a result,the Constitution endowed it with the superior administrative supervising power.The procuratorial supervision of Soviet Russia consists of general supervision and judicial supervision,and has formed a complete set of prosecuratorial super vision and operation mechanism.with the disintegration of the Soviet Union,although most of the functions of the Soviet Russia prosecutorial supervision are inherited,the role of the procuratorate is repositioned at the request of the new regime,and a transitional change is made.In the process of legislation,gradually the modern Russian prosecutorial supervision system is formed.There is an unbreakable long history between Chinese law and Russian law,which is why the procuratorial supervision system of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation can be available as reference for China's judicial reform and legal construction.