检权之争：上海万国生丝检验所始末

Disputes over the Right of Inspection:The International Testing House at Shanghai from A to Z

上海万国生丝检验所是中美丝商为改善输美生丝品质而合作筹设,检验之初美国丝商团体、生丝出口洋行之间彼此攻讦,中国丝商受制于人,只得保持中立。检验所在起步阶段营业状况并不理想,经过种种努力,处境有所改善,但一直入不敷出。尽管如此,上海万国生丝检验所在检验技术和标准与美国市场同步、中国丝业调查和研究以及本土生丝检验人才培养等方面做出的贡献值得肯定。南京国民政府成立后,随着时代主题的转换,要求生丝检验事业从私办改国办、从外办转内办的呼吁日盛。最终,在尊崇"国体"的名义下,检验所被收购和整编,生丝检验进入国家行使检权的时代。

Taking the International Testing House at Shanghai as an example, this paper explores the dispute over the right of inspection which appeared as the third party notarization inspection built in modern China. To improve the quality of raw silk imported to USA, this inspection institution was set up by the merchants of America and China. Since it was open, the United States silk business groups and raw silk exporters accused each other, and Chinese silk merchants had to remain indifferent in this dispute. The Testing House had been in deficit state for a long time, however, it made lots of contributions, such as kept pace with the United States market at inspection technology and standards, researched China silk industry with scientific methods as well as trained the native inspection technicians. After the establishment of the Nanjing National Government, there were more recalls for changing the main management body from privates to the states and from foreigners to insiders. Under the name of respecting the State Form, the Testing House was purchased by the government. Since then, China entered the era of exercising inspection right by the official.