市场、寺院与神山——“贸易之城”独克宗的社会结构及交易模式的演变

Market,Temple and Sacred Mountain:Changing Social Structure and Trade Model in the Market Town of Dukezong

人类学的城市研究已经取得了诸多成果,不过,对于中国少数民族地区城镇的研究来说,已有的研究路径稍显不足。以云南香格里拉地区的独克宗古城为例,从当前的空间布局来看,引人注目的是该城与其周边的寺院、环绕城市的神山的关联。而从清朝以来的历史进行解析,会发现,若要理解独克宗的社会结构,研究独克宗这座城,就必须考虑当地市场、宗教机构和宇宙观彼此的关系。在不同的时期,当地的市场交易模式经历了从中介式的"乃聪"向直接式的"坐商"的演变。总体而言,从市场、寺院以及神山的关联入手,考察云南藏区城市的历史和当下,为民族地区的城镇研究提供了一种可能性。

Urban studies in anthropology have great achievements. However,their research paradigms did not apply wellto Chinese minority towns. Taking the old town of Dukezong,located in Shangri-la, Yunnan as an exam- ple, it is noticeable when we consider the relationships between the town and temples and mountains around it. By analyzing the history of the town since the Qing Dynasty,we argue that to understand Dukezong and its social structure, we should pay attention to the relationships among their markets, religious institutions and cosmology. In different ages,their trading model has been shifted from the indirect pattern , “Naicong”（乃聪）,to the direct pat- tern, “Zuoshang”（ 坐商 ）. In general,conducting researches on towns in Yunnan Tibetan areas by analyzing the relationships between the town and temples, mountains around it can open a new avenue for the study of minority towns.